The Women s Movement And The Development Of Feminism Essay

Throughout history, gender roles have been pressured on humans by society from the moment that they enter the world. Traditional gender roles of what is considered â€Å"masculine† or â€Å"feminine† make it hard for people to live with who do not portray these certain characteristics. Not only does society limit human identity but their sense of self worth as well. For hundreds of years, people have been raised to live in a certain gender role based on the genitalia they were born with. For example, women were raised and expected to work amongst the household where as men were to be in the work force. Society norms have made females and males feel obligated to follow traditional norms and to make them feel less of a human if they do not follow or live within these gender roles and characteristics. This setback was the spark of the women’s movement and the development of feminism in the twentieth century. According to feminist writer, bell hooks, in â€Å"Intro duction: Come Closer to Feminism,† hooks identifies that feminism is for everyone because ‘feminism is a movement to end sexism’ (hooks 10). In other words, implying that it is not men that are the problem but the behavior and ideals sexism itself because women and men are both capable of being sexist. Feminism is not just about women getting equal rights as men but letting men know that it is okay to have feelings and to respect women. After reading articles, â€Å"A Day without Feminism† by Jennifer Baumgardner and Amy Richards, bellShow MoreRelatedWhen Thinking About Women’S Movements, One Is Likely To1115 Words   |  5 Pagesabout women’s movements, one is likely to associate them with an event that has taken place in either the United States or Canada. Nevertheless, it is evident that women s movements have historically occurred across the globe. Often, however, individuals do not take this into consideration when thinking about how the se types of movements have had an influence on society in the 21st century. While reading the article: Political Culture, Catalan Nationalism, and the Women’s Movement in Early Twentieth-CenturyRead MoreFeminism : Women s Role1541 Words   |  7 Pages Feminism has had a tremendous result on women’s roles in society and in their everyday life. After a while, women got sick of living a strict lifestyle. They became tired of staying caged in their houses, cooking, and cleaning, and not being able to do what they truly wanted and so desired. So, they decided that they wanted this no more and needed to do something to put a stop to this and make change. What they really wanted was equality between men and women and wanted the same opportunities thatRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement874 Words   |  4 Pageswomen’s rights movement demonstrated the first true act of feminism, founded by a group of women rights activists to combat against women’s suffrage in the United States. By the 1960’s radical feminists also known as the woman’s liberation movement once again took up the fight for equality amongst men and woman, yet by the late 1990’s early 2000’s it had begun to change, losing its primary focus of fighting for a woman’s right, and becoming a burden on women today. The blowback from feminism has leftRead MoreThe And Construction Of The United States Of America1174 Words   |  5 PagesTolerance is one of the most important principle of the development and construction of the United States of America. Tolerance creates a peaceful society, where people feel respected or valued. When the founding fathers established this country, women were not respected as they are today. To have tolerance, means to have a permissive attitude toward opinions and practices that differ from one s own. Even though within tolerance there several discrimination acts. Sexism, a discrimination againstRead MoreWhat Makes An Effective Social Theory? Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pagesdifference in a social movement Baum suggests that what makes an effective social theory, including feminist theory is it understands the social and political arrangements of the people situated in the argument. So that understanding then helps shape the processes the theory must then go through (Baum 1087), because feminism is fighting for something so big, gender equality, it affects at least half of the population, and not one person s situation will be completely the same. For feminism because thereRead MoreBlack Feminist1005 Words   |  5 Pagesdefined as a movement consisting of African American women advocating social, political, legal, and economic rights for women equal to those of men (Oxford English Press). Black feminism argues that sexism, social class oppression, and racism are inseparably bound together (Collins). The feminist movement has been around since the 1880s when the word â€Å"Feminism† appeared in the French language (Collins). The word found traction in Britain in the 1890s, and the United States in 1910, feminism sought toRead MoreThe Political And Cultural Challenges That Feminists Have Contested Over Time Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pages The feminist movement refers to a chain of crusades for economic, political, social and cultural fairness for women. Feminist scholars have segregated the history of feminism into three waves; first, second and third. The first wave concentrated on women’s suffrage, the second wave focused on political and cultural disparities and the third wave analysed the definitions of femininity which takes a broad view of white upper class women. This essay will compare and contrast these waves examining theRead MoreGender Equality And The Movement For Women s Rights On A Global Scale1174 Words   |  5 Pagesrecent years, there has been a raising awareness about gender equality and the movement for women’s rights on a global scale. In fact, there are two controversial perceptions of the meaning of feminism and what feminists stand for. For many years, feminism is considered a series of mere actions exhorting for only women, which is anti-men and overaggressive. Recently, there i s a gradual change in the understanding of what feminism is. It is all about the equality that every living human should be treatedRead MoreBlack Women And Feminism By Bell Hooks Ain t I A Woman1717 Words   |  7 PagesBlack women have long been oppressed since they first arrived to the American colonies. Bell Hooks’ Ain’t I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism traces the steps of slavery to the feminist movements in the 1970s. Written from a black feminist perspective, the book examines the impact of sexism during slavery, the devaluation of black womanhood, the imperialism of patriarchy, racism and feminism, and black women and feminism. Hooks attempts to move beyond racist and sexist assumptions regarding blackRead MoreThe Womens Liberation Movement1026 Words   |  4 PagesLiberation Movement greatly impacted Australia and the United States throughout the 60’s and 70’s carrying on to the 90’s. Without the Women’s Liberation Movement wo men wouldn’t have received changes in laws primarily regarding employment impacting on them moving forward in terms of equal opportunities. However there is still a there is still process to be made concerning employment and social roles for women to have equal rights as men. The Women’s Liberation Movement started in the 60’s during the

Research Proposal Sample on Vodafone Uk Customer Satisfaction Free Essays

In the business industry, it is important to gather customer to make the product and services sold. Therefore, keeping a customer is difficult in the business when it is in the starting stage. A business will find it harder to find prospective and loyal customer when operating abroad. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal Sample on Vodafone Uk Customer Satisfaction or any similar topic only for you Order Now And because of the economic problem that many countries are facing now, another challenge was revived; how to keep the customer? The Customer Satisfaction The customer satisfaction is a business term that measures how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation. It is seen as a key performance indicator within business. In a competitive marketplace where businesses compete for customers, customer satisfaction is seen as a key differentiator and increasingly has become a key element of business strategy1. Every business’s mission is making the customers as their first priority. In accordance to this, the business must fill or serve the satisfaction of their customers according to what preferences that the market is demanding for. For an instance, if the business is in the food industry and the customers’ wants different variations of soup then, the management must look forward to create sumptuous dishes. Some business use different approach in leading their customers in the satisfactory stage like making special for their valued customer or raffle promo or making a sale for some products, anything that will catch the customers’ attention and at the end bringing the profit and customers’ trusts. The business literally promotes their product with the use of their customer because if one customer felt great to their product or enjoyed the service, he/she will make it on the broadcast among with their friends. The value of customers in the business is very high thus; the business needs to find impressions to keep them coming back to their establishment. In the case of finding such market in the other country, is like finding a needle in a vast gassy meadow. It is hard when the business is new to the eye of the customers. It is hard when the business is not prepared in approaching the customers well. It is hard when the business has many competitors in the area. The need for adjustment is highly acceptable. And because of these issues that surround the business industry, the proper guidance is highly appreciated. The Vodafone case can be a basis in catching the customer’s interest. The Vodafone Vodafone UK has more than 17 million customers and is part of the world’s largest mobile community. Vodafone’s leadership in mobile voice and data communications has continued, thanks largely to its focus on developing its brand and customer experience2. In this big company, reaching the respect of the customers is not new to them. Most especially, the Vodafone is a technology-based business and the impact of acceptance is expectedly high. But even a good business like Vodafone still needs to assess their customers and answer every question of their customer. They also consider many opinions and suggestion coming from their customers so that, the evidence in the growing customer acceptance make their gross reach the highest every year. However, the challenge is still there in every kind of business. Customer’s Challenge Vodafone is constantly looking for new ways to drive interaction and enhance the service that we offer to our customers, while at the same time making the life of our people simpler and more rewarding. However, Vodafone recognized that it was not differentiating the needs of its in-store customers or allocating store employees according to their areas of expertise. This meant waiting times could be lengthy and the level of service provided varied on the store employee’s area of expertise. So, Vodafone introduced a re-branding program aimed at improving the customer journey in store, as well as differentiating Vodafone from its competitors. Based on the macro planning principles of â€Å"Organize me, Engage me†, the key components of the refit included greater automation in-store, the option for self-service through kiosks, and footfall counters to track the volume of customers in-store and optimize the customer flow. Benefits to the Customer †¢ Improve the customer experience – customers now have more time to browse the store and choose how to purchase, so everyone benefits from faster and more efficient service, in a more relaxed atmosphere. This has led to a considerable uplift in customer satisfaction. Increase performance – optimized stores outperform other stores. Average contract volumes have increased with average upgrade volumes also increasing. †¢ Minimize business disruption – systems availability is enhanced, with a substantial reduction in support calls and improvement in first time fixes, increasing sales opportunities †¢ Maximize profit margins – self-serv ice significantly reduces the cost of sale especially amongst core pre-pay customers †¢ Enhance productivity – automation of commodity purchases enables faster transaction times and frees up resources to help other customers. The number of customers leaving stores without seeing an advisor is also declining †¢ Reduce support costs – tailoring services and removing duplicate effort and resources has cut costs, while increasing the overall level of support †¢ Optimize resource deployment – increased management information, such as customer numbers, waiting times and sales conversion figures, is helping to track and measure the customer experience in-store and enable staffing roles to be prepared to reflect store and customer requirements. The Business Case for Measuring Impacts The nature of multinational business is complex, shaped by globalization and rapid socio-economic and political change. Sustainability issues are increasingly contributing to this complexity, not least climate change, resource constraints, endemic poverty and ecosystem degradation. Committing to create a more sustainable and inclusive form of globalization and the following are the key objectives3: †¢ Develop a deeper understanding of how global issues such as poverty, the environment, demographic change and globalization affect individual companies and sectors; †¢ Use the understanding of these issues to search for more inclusive business solutions that help to address the issues at both a local and global scale; †¢ Align core business strategies with the solutions identified; †¢ Incorporate long-term measures into the definition of success, targeting profitability that is sustainable and supported by a responsible record in managing social, environmental and employment matters. The Business in Developing Countries Companies recognize the risks and opportunities their operations face in developing countries and the important role they play in influencing change. They rely on transparent legal systems, access to markets and infrastructure services, social stability, healthy and skilled employees and suppliers, as well as consumers willing and able to purchase their products and services. While these conditions are critical for business growth and success, the benefits resulting from the presence of multinational business and the associated in-flows of capital may not reach all sectors of society. The consequence can be a thriving middle and upper class while the low-income segment gets left behind. This can lead to strained relations between business and the communities associated with their activities, increased scrutiny from civil society organizations and greater levels of political pressure from local and national governments, all of which can increase commercial risks for investors3. Conclusion The importance of customer in one business can affect the operation of a multinational company most especially in the developing countries. The success of a multinational company can make an additional growth in their own economy. Getting the heart of the customers are essential to keep the business moving. Although there are many factors that can affect a business that is new in the face of the foreign country, the main strategy that the study can add is to look for a customer that has a same nationality of the business. For example, the American business is new to Japan, therefore, the business should target their very own race first before entering the Japanese culture and became part of their life. References: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gitman, L; McDaniel, C., (2005). The Future of Business: The Essentials. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. ISBN 0324320280. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vodafone Case in Customer Satisfaction (n.d.). [Online] Available at: http://www.fujitsu.com/uk/casestudies/fs_vodafone-customersatisfaction.html [Accessed 14 Aug 2009]. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Impact: Beyond the Bottom Line (2008). WBCBD. [Online] Available at: http://www.wbcsd.org/web/projects/sl/MIbeyondthebottomline.pdf [Accessed 14 Aug 2009]. Read more: http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2009/08/research-proposal-sample-on-vodafone-uk-customer-satisfaction.html#ixzz1Es0Qh2Bk How to cite Research Proposal Sample on Vodafone Uk Customer Satisfaction, Essays

The Management Of Excessive Drinking And Drug Taking In The Family

Question: Discuss about the Management Of Excessive Drinking And Drug Taking In The Family. Answer: Introduction It is known to everyone that if any individual in a family who is into excessive drinking or into drugs then it will in turn effect the whole family because they will try to help the member but will get themselves pulled down to the bog. However, for a couple it is not easy to be with a partner, who is into excessive drinking and drug use because the relationship will get into conflicts, blaming one another and finally became a burden without love. The partner of the addicted often is hurt, afraid, and ashamed or suffers from a sense of failure. Family members mainly try to cover up the mess and often are found taking more responsibilities and fighting the lost battle with their dear ones (Orford et al., 2013). Heavy drinking and drug use can not only affect the family but also can heavily affect career, health and other aspect of a persons life. Consuming drug or alcohol also equally affects not only men but also women, as alcohol is more absorbent in a womens bloodstream, as they a re lacking enzyme which alcohol dehydrogenate in the stomach, where as in men the alcohol is broken down before it gets absorbed. Substance abuse mainly includes the persistent use of both alcohol and drugs. In this report, a case study of The management of excessive drinking and drug taking on the family is analyzed in three broad headings mainly comprising of the diagnosis, case formulation and treatment plan. DSM-V Diagnosis George from the case study has been diagnosed with Substance use disorders. According to DSM-V substance use disorders mainly results from the use of separate classes of drugs like alcohol, cannabis, caffeine, hallucinogens, opioids, sedatives, inhalants, tobacco and many more such substances. However, in case of George in this case study he has been addicted to alcohol for the last 5years. As per DSM-V George, falls mainly under Alcohol related disorder because as the diagnostic criteria suggest that a person should have at least two of the issues that must have occurred within a period of 12 months (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Therefore, in case of George the points, which are matching with that of DSM-V criteria, are that alcohol is consumed excessively or over longer time periods, repeated alcohol consumption is hindering to complete the role at work, school or home, recurrent use of alcohol despite of falling sick. Followed by continuing alcohol consumption despite having issues in the social as well interpersonal relations, important occupational activities are given up or have decreased because of alcohol consumption and lastly, alcohol consumption is continued even knowing that there will be a physical or psychological issue that have chances to take place due to excessive drinking (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). On the other hand, living with a husband like George his wife named Sandra is ongoing extreme stress that George will lose his job because of his excess alcohol consumption, which is troubling his career along with having a deteriorated relationship with her husband. She has been found facing a sense of fear as well as apprehension, nausea along with an irregular heart beating in few occasions (Spielberger, 2013). Therefore, Sandra is diagnosed with stress and anxiety. As per DSM-5 that are used to diagnose Anxiety disorders, Sandra has been found to worry excessively about her husbands health as well as financial matters but not more than 6 months. Along with it as per DSM-5 criteria, the individual suffering from anxiety can also experience symptoms like sweating, nausea or diarrhea. Sandra has been encountered with nausea (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). However, as Sandra in few occasions has been found having feelings of fear and irregular heartbeats thus, she is anxiet y attacks which is according to DSM-5 called the panic attack which is the sudden onset of fear or may be discomfort and reaches the peak which any 4 symptoms of the DSM-5 list of criteria. However, Sandras symptoms that are matching with DSM-5 criteria of panic attack are pounding heart rate, nausea, fear of losing control or going crazy and discomfort (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Case Formulation Causes of Georges mental health issue According to the researches, it has been proved that there has been a close association between alcoholism and biological factors mainly genetics and physiology. There are certain chemicals in the brain that can make an individual susceptible to alcohol abuse. According to the scientists, alcohol dependence may be associated with up to 51 genes in different chromosome regions (Enoch, 2012). Therefore, if these genes are passed generation after generation then family members get more prone in acquiring irregular drinking habits. Some can limit the amount of alcohol they consume while others feel a strong impulse of getting drunk. Repetitive behaviors make a person more vulnerable to become alcoholic (Kissin, 2013). Alcoholism is frequently seemed as a trait of broken families. If any member in the family is alcoholic then it disrupts the healthy and normal family dynamics, creating many issues that ultimately lead to dysfunction. The spouse of an alcoholic often fined doubting his or her partners, but alcoholism is a disease not a fault of anyone. Children of parents who were alcoholic can fall into various unhealthy roles (Jayne, Valentine Gould, 2012). Thus, biological factors as well as family can be a cause of Georges mental health issue. There are various psychological factors as well which can increase the chances of heavy drinking. Every individual has their unique ways to handle situations and therefore, the way one cope with these feelings actually influences certain behavioral traits. For instance, those who have high stress, anxiety, depression or any other mental condition are more prone to develop alcoholism. In these situations, alcohol mainly withholds feelings and replaces the symptoms of psychological disorders. However, with time drinking becomes a habit and guides to Alcohol use disorder. The more one uses alcohol to ease their feelings of pain, the more their body becomes tolerant to alcohol and relies on its effects. Alcohol abuse can further co-occur with depression, bipolar and schizophrenia and can further cause serious side effects (Heinz et al., 2013). Cause of Sandras Stress Social causes can enhance stress like living in an area where the place is too crowded, pollution, crime or even noises can create chronic stress for an individual. Along with other social causes like not having enough money to cover the expenses, loneliness, any kind of discrimination or sexual orientation can add stress to ones life (Patki et al., 2013). However, for Sandra she is always stressed that her husband will lose his job that will lead to financial crisis as they have three children. Moreover, she is also getting isolated from her husband, which is making her lonely. Therefore, social cause is there which is affecting Sandra. The job structure or unemployment can also bring stress to someone. However, Sandra is working as Manager in a large insurance company, which means that she has high workload as well as work pressure. As she is an office manager thus, she has huge responsibilities, which increases her already existing stress about her husband, his career as well as t heir relationship (Khamisa et al., 2015). Possible dangers of the children getting affected- The three children of George and Sandra can get severely affected growing up with an alcoholic parent because psychologically they can suffer from guilt, anxiety, embarrassment, confusion, anger and depression. In their own adulthood, they might also face risks of mental health trauma or substance abuse. Moreover, their children can adapt to antisocial behavior and may have difficulty in forming relationships (Lander, Howsare Byrne, 2013). Children growing up with an alcoholic parent means to have a traumatic childhood experience. The children can often feel neglected and thus, are more prone of getting emotionally, physically or sexually abused. Their children can further become secretive and may stay away from friends because of being ashamed (Velleman Orford, 2013). Consequences if help is not provided to them- If immediate help is not provided to them then it will affect George, Sandra and their children immensely. For George, alcohol will have short-term as well as long-term effects along with few side effects like depression, liver damage, and cancer as well as reduced sexual performance. Further excess alcohol consumption can cause death of the brain, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, tolerance or lastly alcohol dependence (Lieber, 2012). Then for Sandra, her stress and anxiety can have negative effect on her physical health as well mental, emotional and even on her social life. Not only her immune system will get affected due to stress and anxiety but it will also affect her digestive, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal as well as well reproductive system along with other physical problems (Cooper Marshall, 2013). Lastly, growing up with alcoholic father and mother with stress and anxiety will have negative effect on the kids as well which is not only make them feel neglected but also make their childhood traumatic. This will further be reflected in their adult life. Therefore, they are all in need for immediate help before it is too late. Treatment Goal and Planning Treatment for George- Depending of the need of the clients the treatment for alcohol use disorder can vary. However, Georges treatment may include a brief intervention in the beginning followed by individual counseling, an output patient program or a residential inpatient stay. Nevertheless, currently the treatment plan for George may begin with a detoxification or Detox which is withdrawal that is managed medically. It takes two to seven days. George may need sedating medications so that the withdrawal symptoms can be prevented (Stephens et al., 2014). Counseling as well as therapies are very much helpful for better understanding the problem of George and support recovery from his psychological aspect of alcohol use. Therapies like behavioral therapies along with CBT therapy, motivational enhancement therapy(MET) can be very much affective to people suffering from substance use because CBT will help George to think in an alternative way and avoid behaviors that are harmful for him and MET will self motiv ate and educate him about health risks from alcohol addiction.(Dermatis Egelko, 2014). Moreover, marital and family counseling is also helpful because it will help improving the family relationships as well as repair and enhance his relationship with his wife. Drug like disulfiram (Antabuse) can be prescribed to George to prevent him from drinking. However, this medicine cannot completely cure alcohol use or wipe out the compulsion to drink but if this medicine is taken then this drug will produce a physical reaction, which in turn will produce flushing, nausea, vomiting and headaches. Another drug called naltrexone (Revia) can prevent heavy drinking and lower the urge to drink as it obstructs the good feelings alcohol produces. Acamprosate (Campral) can also be helpful in this case, as it will help George to combat alcohol cravings once he stops drinking (Froehlich, Hausauer Rasmussen, 2013). Lastly, medical treatment should be continued because health will definitely improve if G eorge stops drinking but few health conditions will remain and will be needing treatment and follow-ups. Treatment for Sandra- Sandras treatment plan will exclude those drugs containing stimulants as can make her conditions worse thus Sandra should avoid that along with regular use of caffeine related drinks. Along with she must also avoid medicines like diet pills, asthma inhalers and thyroid medications. Then she will need techniques for managing daily stress and anxieties, as it is very normal that stress and anxiety will occur from time to time. Sandra needs to pay little attention to know that how her body and mind responds to the stressful situation so that the next time in a similar stressful situation she can anticipate her reactions and it gets less troublesome. She should also eat balanced diet, get enough sleep, meditate, practice deep breathing and talk to friends (Sharma Rush, 2014).CBT therapy can be helpful to Sandra as this therapy is very much effective for managing anxiety. This therapy will further teach Sandra how she can recognize anxious thoughts as well as behaviors and modify them in to ones that are more positive (Arch et al., 2012). Counseling, this will be effective for Sandra to fight with stress and anxiety because this is the best-known talking therapy that she can easily avail. Counseling may be of 6-12 sessions each about an hour long. Sandra can talk to her counselor with confidence and he/she can help her think about her situations. Counseling is the best help for those who are healthy but need little help to cope up with their present crisis. In Sandras case, relational counseling will also be effective because her husbands alcohol use has ruined their relationship, which is also an important cause of her stress and anxiety. Thus, relationship counseling can also help her if both the partners talk in confidence to the counselor/therapist to discover what exactly has been wrong in their relationship and how together they can make things better. This will further help Sandra and George to learn about each others needs and will enhance their communicatio n (Petch et al., 2014). Treatment Goal for George- By following this treatment plan slowly and steadily Georges excessive alcohol consumption can be brought under control. Further, after this treatment his physical and mental health conditions will also improve. Moreover, if his alcohol consumption is controlled then his social and personal life will become hassle free. Therefore, he can continue to lead a healthy and peaceful life without frequently falling sick or without the fear of losing his job. Thus, the main goal is to control Georges drinking habit and improve his mental as well as physical health as of now. Treatment goal for Sandra- If the treatment plan of Sandra is followed appropriately then definitely she will be able to control her level of stress and anxiety that she faces now. Controlling her stress and anxiety level will definitely save her from many long-term mental and physical illnesses. Thus, implementing the treatment for Sandra in a successful way will surely give her the power to manage stressful situations as well as her relationship with her children and husband. Conclusion To conclude this report, it can be said that from the case study provided George who is 42years of age and is a Postman by his profession is drinking excessively over the past five years. The habit of his excess drinking is now interfering with his professional as well as personal relationships because he is regularly falling sick or is suspected as intoxicated at his workplace and is send home. Whereas, drinking is making his mood irritable, being rude or quiet or reserved at times. Thus, his wife and children are isolating themselves from him. On the other hand, his wife Sandra who is 39years old and works as an office manager for a large insurance company is experiencing symptoms like worries, fear, nauseous and irregular heartbeats. According DSM-5 George is diagnosed with Substance abuse disorder, mainly alcohol use disorder and his wife Sandra is diagnosed with stress and anxiety. In the case formulation, it has been seen that Georges mental health problem can cause due to biol ogical, family or psychological effects whereas Sandras causes can be social or work related. However, as mentioned in the case study that they have three children, who can also get negatively affected if immediate help is not provided to them. Therefore, appropriate treatment plan is followed with the goal to control Georges drinking habits and help Sandra to manage her stress and anxiety. Thus, for both counseling are a common factor other than that both will need different types to medications as well as therapies. References American Psychiatric Association.(2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5).American Psychiatric Pub. Arch, J. J., Eifert, G. H., Davies, C., Vilardaga, J. C. P., Rose, R. D., Craske, M. G. (2012). Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 80(5), 750. Cooper, C. L., Marshall, J. (2013).Occupational sources of stress: A review of the literature relating to coronary heart disease and mental ill health. In From Stress to Wellbeing Volume 1 (pp. 3-23). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Dermatis, H., Egelko, S. (2014). Buddhist mindfulness as an influence in recent empirical CBT approaches to addiction: Convergence with the Alcoholics Anonymous model. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 32(2-3), 194-213. Enoch, M. A. (2012). The influence of geneenvironment interactions on the development of alcoholism and drug dependence. Current psychiatry reports, 14(2), 150-158. Froehlich, J. C., Hausauer, B. J., Rasmussen, D. D. (2013). Combining naltrexone and prazosin in a single oral medication decreases alcohol drinking more effectively than does either drug alone. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 37(10), 1763-1770. Heinz, A. J., de Wit, H., Lilje, T. C., Kassel, J. D. (2013). The combined effects of alcohol, caffeine, and expectancies on subjective experience, impul Jayne, M., Valentine, G., Gould, M. (2012).Family life and alcohol consumption: The transmission of publicand privatedrinking cultures.Drugs: education, prevention and policy, 19(3), 192-200. Khamisa, N., Oldenburg, B., Peltzer, K., Ilic, D. (2015). Work related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and general health of nurses. International journal of environmental research and public health, 12(1), 652-666. Kissin, B. (Ed.). (2013). The Biology of Alcoholism: Volume 1: Biochemistry. Springer Science Business Media. Lander, L., Howsare, J., Byrne, M. (2013).The impact of substance use disorders on families and children: from theory to practice.Social work in public health, 28(3-4), 194-205. Lieber, C. S. (2012). Medical and nutritional complications of alcoholism: mechanisms and management.Springer Science Business Media. Orford, J., Velleman, R., Natera, G., Templeton, L., Copello, A. (2013). Addiction in the family is a major but neglected contributor to the global burden of adult ill-health. Social Science Medicine, 78, 70-77. Patki, G., Solanki, N., Atrooz, F., Allam, F., Salim, S. (2013). Depression, anxiety-like behavior and memory impairment are associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation in a rat model of social stress. Brain research, 1539, 73-86. Petch, J., Murray, J., Bickerdike, A., Lewis, P. (2014).Psychological distress in Australian clients seeking family and relationship counselling and mediation services. Australian Psychologist, 49(1), 28-36. Sharma, M., Rush, S. E. (2014).Mindfulness-based stress reduction as a stress management intervention for healthy individuals: a systematic review.Journal of evidence-based complementary alternative medicine, 19(4), 271-286. Spielberger, C. D. (Ed.). (2013). Anxiety and behavior.Academic Press. Stephens, J. R., Liles, E. A., Dancel, R., Gilchrist, M., Kirsch, J., DeWalt, D. A. (2014).Who needs inpatient detox? Development and implementation of a hospitalist protocol for the evaluation of patients for alcohol detoxification. Journal of general internal medicine, 29(4), 587-593. Velleman, R., Orford, J. (2013).Risk and resilience: Adults who were the children of problem drinkers.Routledge.

Selling England By The PoundClassic Reviews by Genesis free essay sample

Genesis is a band that likes to play progressive rock and have some Avant Garde ish music mixed in as well. But unlike many other prog bands of its time, at least in terms of vocals, there were two eras of this band. The Peter Gabriel side(the side were in right now) and the Phil Collins side. But, since this is the 70s were talking about Peter Gabriel`s Genesis. Selling England By The Pound was released in 1973 and is widely considered to be by fans as the best album. While so far I havent checked their other albums, I can surely say this is awesome. Why? Well take a listen after this review and you might know. 53 minutes is all they really need. Eight tracks isnt much but if you did have a couple ten minute+ songs, you can easily make it much long. We will write a custom essay sample on Selling England By The Pound:Classic Reviews by Genesis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This album is setup with a normal song/transition style. Except this time the transitions are three to four minutes minutes. With tracks such as Firth The Fifth, The Battle of The Ebbing Map and the grande finale of this great album here. The final its self is about 13 minutes with The Cinema Show lasting for most of it and likes to build as the song goes on. Then the Ailes of Plenty comes,on with a soothing piano chord at the end for the 90 seconds or so. Very, very epic. I give this album a 10/10. I am the Grim Reaper, signing off.

Drivers Ed Essays - Morgan Jones, House, American Comedy Films

Drivers Ed Essays - Morgan Jones, House, American Comedy Films Drivers Ed Book Report The book I am reading is called Drivers Ed. It is about a girl named Remy, her friend Lark, and her other friend Morgan. The first 25 pages of the book starts off by describing Remys family, which includes her mom, dad, younger brother Mac, and younger brother Henry. Then it talks about Morgans family. It consists of his mom, dad, and little sister Starr. His dad is going to run for governor, and it pretty much says how perfect his family and life is. It also lets you know that Remy has a crush on Morgan, and Morgan has a crush on Remy. Anyway, in this class, the teacher has a lot of trouble with names. He announces three names to go drive, and Remy, Lark, and Morgan drive most of the time. He calls out Remy, Christine, and Morgan. Lark then switches with Christine. Remy is driving, and she accidentally drives over the median and leaves some of the muffler behind. Then Lark drives and runs a red light. It doesnt let you know how Morgan did, but when they get back from driving, they get an idea that they should all steal road signs for their room. In the next 25 pages, Remy, Lark, and Morgan plan to go out to steal their signs. Lark is sick though, so she doesnt go. None of them have their licenses, so Nicky Buddy drives. He is one year older than all of them, and he lives by Morgan so he is friends with him. Remy decides that she want a Morgan Road sign, they get a Thickly Settled sign for Lark, and Morgan takes a Stop sign. Also, Remy and Morgan kiss when they are in the car. When Remy comes home, Mac starts to question her and she has to hide the Morgan Road sign in the bushes to make sure that Mac doesnt tell their mom what she did. In the next 25 pages, Morgan begins to think about the fact that he is going out with Remy now. He is worried about what is going to happen in school the next day. In concert choir, he doesnt even look at her, or talk to her. He just focuses on points on the wall, or on the floor. Then at home, Remys mom finds out that she is going out with Morgan, and she gives her approval of him. Then its the next day in Drivers Ed, and Remy, Lark, and Morgan decide that they better not go drive 3 days in a row, so they stay behind. Morgan, once again, doesnt even look at Remy the whole class. He just sits in the library next to his friend, Taft. Remy becomes sad, and wonders why Morgan is ignoring her. Remy then had a basketball game, and Morgan goes to watch. That night, Morgan is watching the news and he sees a thing on about how a stop sign was taken off of Cherry Road and some mother was hit by a truck and died. Morgan then realizes that it was the sign that they took. Morgans dad then says Whoever took that sign should be shot. The next section of the book starts out in Remys house, around 11:30. Then Lark calls and tells Remy what was on the news about the stop sign. That night, Remy cant sleep because she is picturing the accident in her head. It was Friday, so she didnt have to worry about school, but all she could think about was the sign. What if her class found out? Saturday passed, and still, she couldnt think of anything but the sign. Then Morgans family decides to start going to church, and this makes Remy think that Morgan told. But then she realizes they only went because his dad is running for governor. After church, everyone went to the basement to have cake and coffee, but Morgan couldnt eat because every time he put cake in his mouth, he thought of the lady never eating again. Then Mac walks over to Morgan and starts telling him about how Remy likes him so much, and how their mom has prequalified him for marriage. He pretty much embarrasses

The Best Way to Plan a Marketing Performance Management Process

The Best Way to Plan a Marketing Performance Management Process How do you get the most from your marketing team? The most productivity. The most team satisfaction. The most success overall, however you choose to define it. That’s all anyone managing a team wants, right? The answer starts with planning an effective performance management process. One that identifies your team’s goals, puts a plan in place to achieve them, and measures the results for future improvement. Putting that kind of plan into place isn’t a simple task. But, with this straightforward guide, you can put yourself and your team on the right path to be more productive. Now, this is a broad topic with lots of moving parts. In order to keep it digestible, practical, and actionable, this post will narrow down the steps you need to take to put an actual process into practice, without diving too deep into more theoretical aspects of management. Digestible, practical, and actionable intro into setting up a successful marketing performanceSnag Your Performance Management Checklist It’s easier to follow processes when you can break them down into a checklist. In fact, that’s something research supports. So, make implementing this process easier with a simple performance management checklist. When it comes time to evaluate marketing talent on your team, it’ll make it easier to know exactly what to look for, which questions to ask, and what to do next. What Does â€Å"Performance Management† Mean in Plain Language? In a marketing context, we can summarize this topic as such: Performance management is the intentional practice of ensuring every member of your marketing team meets individualized goals through thorough planning, monitoring, and commitment to continuous improvement. That’s it in as succinct terms as possible. What Does the Performance Management Process Look Like? Generally, this process moves in three phases: Planning: Setting goals, expectations, and a strategy moving forward. Execution: Acting to implement that strategy to meet desired goals up to expectations. Review: Periodically assessing progress toward goals and steps for improvement. Which Performance Management Tools Do Marketing Teams Need? Get the right tools for the job. For this particular task, here are some recommendations: : An all-in-one marketing management platform for keeping teams and projects organized. Use Team Tab to manage team performance, and Team Performance Reports to objectively measure real productivity. Excel: Much of what marketing teams would typically use Excel for team planning-wise can be achieved with . However, this remains a staple option that’s essentially free (in that it’s a paid product, but your company is probably already paying for it). Evernote: Useful for building checklists and storing documentation. Integrates seamlessly with . This covers the basics. What’s Needed for Success? Everything starts with setting the right goals. At a high level, it should achieve (at least) the following three things. Ensuring Everyone Does Their Best Work Ultimately, this is what it’s all about: getting the most from your team. Identifying Strengths and Weaknesses Everyone has both, and it’s important to understand where every team members lies in each area. Providing Constructive Feedback No one can improve without knowing where to focus their efforts. When constructive feedback is communicated clearly, you can set expectations on how things need to change before the next time you meet to talk about goals. Celebrate Wins It’s important to be transparent when communicating areas that need improvement. But, it’s also important to appreciate successes and make sure team members know when they’re doing well. That helps build positive momentum that leads to further success. Getting Started With Planning Excellence doesn’t happen by accident, it happens by choice, and it starts with solid planning. Start a Trial or Schedule a Demo This post will cover managing your team using . If you’re not a customer, consider starting a trial or scheduling a demo. Otherwise, you may need to substitute in other software to complete some of the following steps. Add Your Team Members to Next, add each team member into . This is easy to do quickly. Understanding the Team Now, there are some things that need to be made clear between management, HR, department leads, and team members. Each team member’s purpose. What is their actual role and value to your marketing team? This has likely been summarized in your job descriptions, but if they’re out of date or the team member has outgrown that definition, it may be time for a role switch or promotion. Responsibilities and priorities. What are the most important things this employee needs to get done? Performance expectations. In order to keep your team on track to meet its goals, what results does each team member need to produce? Recommended Reading: How To Lead A Cross-Functional Team Collaboration With 3 Proven Ways To Ease Cross-Functional Team Collaboration Determining Future Vision Set up a meeting with each team member to figure out where they’d like to go in the future (and to set performance goals accordingly).

Unit 7 Seminar Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Unit 7 Seminar - Research Paper Example This is very necessary for the recovery period of the client since most of this time, the client will be, mostly with the mother or the family. When the client is a minor below 12 year old, it is necessary that their problems are shared with their parents even without their consent. This is very necessary as to ensure proper care by the family is accorded to the minor as they undergo their recovery period. However, when the minor is 16 hears and above, the decision to inform the mother can be weighed (Guttmacher, 2014). If the minor seem to be a responsible one, the steps to care for them can be aligned to the mother or the family members, but most confidential information can be kept by the service provider. This is because the minor seem mature enough and responsible to care for themselves. However, in any case the service provider feels it deem to let the mother of the client know, caution should be taken for the mother not to overreact or do anything that will let the client know that they were told a thing by the service provider (Susan, 2001). To the client, they must know that, in case of any problem, family always come first. Therefore, it would be so helpful to find a family that is so understanding to deal with any situation. However, the family members can only be that understanding and cooperative once they know the reason why they have to behave in such a way towards the client. If the family members decide to help the client, they can do this best by giving all the unconditional love, respect, care, and support in any way possible. The family members can give hope and encouragement to the clients by giving them inspirational talks and living examples with similar situations like

Unionization in Baseball Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Unionization in Baseball Organizations - Essay Example Unionization in Baseball Organizations This study will also aim to increase the awareness and provide a better understanding of the issues and problems concerning the major league baseball and its organizations in order to contribute an effective approach in addressing their problems. The research will be based on the following assumptions: (a) all participants will be utilizing the correct procedures as outlined in the guidelines for the specific methodology employed, and (b) all participants will answer questions honestly to the best of their ability. Time will be the greatest limitation to this research, which could hinder long-term outcome objectives. Environmental factors, such as socioeconomic status, will not be controlled, and this could create many variables within the research. As this study will utilize a small sample of respondents, the results may not effectively represent the general population. This study was conducted in order to determine the positive and negative effects of unionization on major league baseball. In this study, the interview method of data gathering was utilized, with a combined total of 25 football players and 25 football managers as participants. For this study, the descriptive method was utilized. In this method, the study became cheap and quick. It also suggested unanticipated hypotheses. This paper utilized the descriptive approach because it is difficult to disregards alternative explanations. Therefore observations are being used to this study. To illustrate the descriptive type of research, Creswell (1994) guided the researcher. "The purpose of employing this method was to describe the nature of a situation, as it existed at the time of the study and explored the cause/s of particular phenomena. The researcher opted to use this kind of research considering the desire of the researcher to obtain first hand data from the respondents so as to formulate rational and sound conclusions and recommendations for the study" (Remenyi, 1998). To come up with pertinent findings and provide credible recommendations, this study utilized two sources of research: primary and secondary. Primary research data were obtained through this new research study. Questionnaire survey and in-depth interview was also conducted. On the other hand, the secondary research data were obtained from previous studies on the same topic. The Research Design In order to come up with the most suitable research

Higher education Essay Example for Free

Higher education Essay According to my knowledge, education helps empower people. I think education helps shape people; it affects how we act, think and respond. Sometimes education can help a person find their path in life. The process of getting a good education, however, may have its flaws. Most of the time, kids who are raised in a poor neighborhood doesn’t get the same opportunities as kids who are raised in a wealthier community. Like Mike Rose, I believed that everyone deserves a second chance in education. Remedial education was created mainly for that reason. It was created to help students who are underprepared and students who are immigrants. Remedial education also helps many immigrants by developing their basic education. Mike Rose pointed out the importance of remedial education in chapters 9 and 10 of his book â€Å"Why School? Reclaiming Education for All of Us†. Remedial education is the foundation of the education system in the United States because it helps ensure the success of many students. Remedial education helps prepare students who has received a bad education and also offers students a second chance to acquire the fundamental skills needed to get back on track. A student’s backgrounds always have a big impact in their education. Most of the time, students who are in remedial education are students who came from a poor background. Living in a poor neighborhood can affects a student’s education greatly because of all the distractions. In chapter 10, Mike Rose talked about a student of his name Kevin. Mike Rose stated â€Å"He was a good student in poor schools, schools with dated textbooks, scarce resources for enrichment, high teacher turnover. † A person future should not be decided because he or she was born in a lower class. If Universities doesn’t offered remedial education, Kevin would most likely dropout of school. After Kevin’s dropout, the chance of him earning a high salary is slim. The result of that creates a cycle that many Americans are struggling to get out of. I think remedial education helps give these students a chance to break that cycle. Like Mike Rose said, remedial education helps these students greatly by giving the students a second chance at education. In chapter 10, Mike Rose stated â€Å"†¦that is the remediation in nation that prides itself as being a ‘second-chance’ society. † Where this nation is the land where everyone is supposedly given the equal opportunities, students should get equal opportunity. The United States was built on the quote â€Å"the land of opportunities†. It is one of the main reasons why the United States is number one on immigrant’s population. Immigrants who immigrate to this country are mostly non-English speakers, they should be able to receive the same opportunity to success like others students. Remedial education helps many immigrants who may need a little extra help for prepare for college. Some colleges view remedial students as a hassle and a waste of college resources. In chapter 9, Mike Rose stated â€Å"Kick remediation off campus, and the primary thing you will achieve is the greater exclusion of American youth from higher education† (Rose 124). Dismissing remedial education is like denying education from the students. Rose’s statement helps reinforce the fact that remedial education helps Universities and Colleges to reach it highest potential. I think that Universities and Colleges should invest more resources in remedial education because it makes them look good. Show others institutions that they are capable of training underprepared students to be highly qualified graduate, now that is an impressive accomplishment. .Remedial education has always been very important in my family. My uncle has always been a person that I admired the most, simply because he worked hard to achieve his American dream. My uncle was a professor teaching at a University in Vietnam. He came to the United State in the year 2000. He spoke no English, yet the desire to learn and succeed had driven him to the land of opportunities. It was very tough at first, but slowly after settling down, he decided to attend a community college. As he recalled, remediation classes helps build his skills. It helped him learn the about the culture, the language, and the importance of communication. He learned that real education come from engaging courses. Courses that help students develop their thinking, as well as, challenge the instructors. He admitted that without remedial education, he would never be able to fully be prepared for higher education. Now my uncle has developed his own business by using the communication skills and networking he learned in his remedial classes. He is the living prove that remedial education are the core of the education system. Although remedial education shows how unprepared American students may be  for college, it also revealed the false in our educational system. As much as the government tries to reform education, there will always be a loophole. For many students who are affected by this, they rely on remedial education as there last hope to get a good education. Remedial education also acts as a review for many students who feel that they are in need to revisit the basics. No matter what nationality or history a student has, he or she deserves a second chance at education and a remedial education ensures this.

Western :: Papers

Western Some stupid cowboy guy went into a dump of a town called Wisbech. The local Sheriff came up to him, "what are you doing here," he asked. "None of your business," replied the stranger calmly. "Ok, pay your tax," said the sheriff. "Go to hell!" said the Stranger, as he divedto the side drawing his Colt 45 pistol, firing only one shot towards the small town sheriff, the stranger rolled behind a barrel then ran off down a back alley behind the saloon. The bullet hit a window just next to the sheriff, shattering it. The shot automatically brought out the deputy sheriff from the sheriff's office; he appeared with a benneli 12 ball shotgun poised ready to protect his sheriff. The deputy ran over to the sheriff, "I'm too old for this crap," the sheriff said just after what seemed a never ending sigh. Days passed without any sighting of this certain stranger, but things had started to happen, things that hadn't happened previously such as bread and beer being stolen, a horse equipped with a saddle, shotgun and rounds had been stolen during the night from outside the blacksmiths. On April the 9th this stranger decided to go for a drink, he rode the stolen horse right up to the side of the saloon, jumped off and slowly walked in. He walked up to the bar sat down and shouted "service! Service." The bar tender strolled up to this man and replied. "Yes, sir and how can we help you today?" "Get me a beer," the stranger replied in a disgruntled manner. The sheriff and his deputy walked in at this point, they walked either side of this half drunk stranger, each putting their hands on each of his shoulders, he spun round grabbing the guns from both of their holsters and rolled backwards over the bar, he lifted his hat. The sheriff recognised his face but where from? "Leave me alone or else!" the tall, dark scruffy looking stranger threatened. "Or else what?

Motivation for pursuing a graduate degree Essay

Instructional perspective The philosophy of education that I ascribe to has been the primary tool motivating my pursuit of a graduate degree in special education. My instructional philosophy has tended to focus mainly on hands on instruction where participants get involved directly in and take responsibility for their own learning. Much like the constructivist theorists and thinkers I believe that this active participation in learning is what makes learning more meaningful and that would produce the greatest successes in the classroom. As a general education teacher I have therefore tended to adopt instructional strategies and learning activities that are reflective of this outlook and have attempted as far as possible to ensure that the learners in my classroom are given the relevant life experiences with which they can interact and which they can utilize in constructing their own meanings and understanding of the things around them. I firmly believe that proper planning is the key to success in the classroom. Planning does not only involve preparing a lesson plan, but psychologically preparing for the learners and their needs in the classroom, understanding each learner and being willing to accommodate all, as far as possible, in the learning process. It is through such detailed planning that the correct activities will be designed for an interactive, constructive and cooperative classroom. Reflection on practice Considerable work has been done in the field of cognitive psychology by numerous theorists and researchers. Much of the research has been focused on trying to understand the characteristics of learners, the optimal age and conditions for particular types of learning, the most appropriate teaching and learning strategies and generally and understanding of how learning takes place. Several theorists have attempted to describe the characteristics of learners. Among them Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, Albert Bandura and Jerome Bruner and some of the most noted forefathers of thought in this areas. Having worked as a teacher for the some years now, the theorist that has been the most influential on my practice is Jerome Bruner. Bruner’s philosophy emphasizes the concept of discovery learning and simulation. He posits that learning is most effective and meaningful when the learners actively explores issues as opposed to reading from textbooks or lectured to by the teacher (Good & Brophy, 1995). Simulation activities, Bruner suggests, are useful tools for promoting forms of discovery learning. I have found that the use of role-play and skits as simulation activities, have helped me deliver learning targets better than traditional lecture-type methods. Given the nature of the classroom and the variety of abilities and learning styles, I have found that the use of role-play and similar cooperative activities have helped me ensure that all learners are actively involved in the learning process. However, throughout my teaching character I have noticed some deficiencies in my teaching methodology, particularly as it relates to meeting the needs of all the learners in the classroom. I have noticed that while I am able to adequately motivate a portion of the class in each year, I have often been unable to fully motivate the entire class of learners or to introduce activities and strategies that are attractive to all the learners in the classroom. I believe in reflective practice so I often review my teaching methodology, with the help of relevant research and theoretical foundations. I have made whatever adjustments possible as I notice my deficiencies and have consistently been involved in improving my teaching strategies. However, despite my best efforts I have continued to face considerable obstacles in reaching out to some students in my classroom. Often these students were those who could be classified as at risk. They were sometimes from single-parent homes, students with tendencies towards delinquent behaviors and other similar students. There have also been students with noted cognitive or other physical difficulties, for whom the general education classroom, as is, was not adequate. More and more it became evident to me that within the general education classroom there is a diverse mix of students of different socioeconomic, cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Furthermore they had a range of abilities and performed to varying degrees of competence. I have acknowledged that, to some extent, I have contributed to the inability of some students to perform as well as others, as a result of my failure to effectively orient lessons to meet the needs of all learners. Another occurrence that has compounded this issue is the new move towards inclusion in the general education classroom. Increasingly more students with learning disabilities are being incorporated into the general education classroom. These changes in the educational framework has meant that needs have to modify their strategies to ensure that the needs of these diverse sets of learners are adequately met within their classroom and that students from all ability levels, achieve prescribed standards. Evolution With the coming on stream of the NCLB act, more attention is being placed on ensuring that classrooms are inclusive and that each learner is allowed to achieve his/her full potential based on individual abilities. The NCLB is a formidable demonstration of the particular interest that the federal government places on education. This issue presents several challenges for teachers in both the general education and the special education classrooms. Special education students are now being incorporated into the general education classroom and even where they remain in special education classrooms students are still required to demonstrate progress similar to that being achieved by the peers who do not have these special needs. Therefore teachers are required to ensure that every learner, despite their abilities or disabilities aspire to the same broad reaching goals and objectives as general education students. It is evident that the act, though it may present several benefits for special education, will also have its limitations. Educators are, however, still required to aim for the target of leaving no child behind. I firmly support the overall spirit of the NCLB act. The overriding principle of the NCLB is that each child registered within the school system must be given all opportunities to develop and to achieve and I agree with this position. To ensure the success of every child and to guarantee that no child is left behind, the act holds educators directly accountable for ensuring that each child aims for and achieves the prescribed standards. Having a particular interest in the development of students I was inspired by the newly emphasized principles of the NCLB act to obtain adequate training in special education so that I am equipped to deal with not only special education students, but the range of abilities that will come into the classroom. These broad reaching goals are of relevance to all involved in the education of children. Motivations to change I wish to develop the know-how and the skills that would help me become a dynamic teacher that is able to hone knowledge, skills and attitudes within learners from different socioeconomic backgrounds, with different cognitive capabilities, with varying physical and cognitive challenges or any multiple needs that may arise in the classroom. Teaching today is becoming more and more challenging. The influences of the teacher and what is taught in the classroom are being eroded by the mass media. The teacher has to compete with newly emerging communication technologies and the internet. The skills that were developed yesterday to tackle learner’s needs in the classroom soon become obsolete. I therefore wish to ensure that I remain on top of the game and continue to be a teaching who attempts to meet the needs of all learners. References Good, T.L.& Brophy, J.E. (1995). Contemporary Educational Psychology. (5th ed.). New York: Longman Publishers.

The Women Suffrage Movement (1840 -1920)

It would seem unbelievable that the women who lived before the 19th century were confined to their homes and actually had no freedom to choose the leaders that they wanted simply because they could not vote.This was not until the suffrage movement was formed to fight for the women's right to vote. During this time, men were still seen as more superior and women were only allowed to manage and participate in the domestic roles (Rossi 6).Only adult males were allowed to vote. Even though, they had to own property in order to qualify to vote. With changes in education and social conditions, women in the 19th century began to seek their rights and equality with men and top in their agenda was the right of women to vote just like their male counterparts.This saw the rise of the women suffrage movement of 1840 to 1920. The birth of this revolution is said to have occurred at a women rights meeting in Seneca Falls in New York. Women could see they were limited by their place in the society and in the Seneca Falls meeting the ‘Created Equal' campaign was launched (Rossi 8).Despite the many challenges that the women faced during this movement and an eighty years struggle, theirs became a won battle when the 19th amendment was signed in 1920 giving women the right to vote in national elections (Sochen 176).A suffragist known as Elizabeth Cady Stanton is the one that introduced women's sentiments at the Seneca Falls convection and wrote the plan for the feminist movement (Sochen 131). Later, together with Susan B. Anthony, she led women in the movement to fight for their rights of equality and their freedom to vote. Other significant leaders and suffrages included Lucretia Mott, Lucy Stone, Alice Paul, Virginia minor and Sojourner Truth.Elizabeth Stanton became the leading feminist philosopher guiding the American women towards the achievement of women's right. She was a determined woman rights activist who despite her responsibility as a wife and mother devoted as much time as she could in the movement (Salibury 131).Susan Anthony worked closely with Elizabeth and the two were said to be inseparable. Elizabeth is even said to have written Susan's speech at the Seneca Falls meeting. Susan was an acknowledged spokeswoman for the campaigns of the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA) formed in 1878. She also wrote a magazine on women rights (Sochen 131). Alice Paul founded the founded the national women's party.The main objectives of this movement were for women to acquire their rights to vote equal to that of their male counterparts. The movement also sought to defend African American women who even after being granted franchise were not included in the fourteenth and fifteenth amends that gave them an equal opportunity to vote regardless of their race.The reasoning behind this movement is that no one should be denied a right to vote based on their gender or race. They wanted the fifteenth amend not only to include right to vote irrespective of race and color but to also include gender (Rossi 17). Other reasons were specialized for example in Utah; women believed that their rights to vote would bring an end to polygamy.The women suffrage movement managed to gain government support in granting voting rights to women. This they did through numerous campaigns and gaining the support of women all over America to support them. Many conferences and organizations to campaign for women rights to vote were organized in the leadership of Susan Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton.In 1871, about fifteen women registered and participated in the elections. Susan was arrested and in the following years, several more were arrested and harassed. The largest campaign was held in 1913 in Washington D. C when around five thousand women paraded showing signatures of one million women supporting suffrage for women (Rossi 35).Apart from national wide campaigns, women pursued suffrage in individual towns and gradually many of them were granted the rights to vote. Grants of suffrage were more successful in the west with the first suffrage succeeding in Wyoming in 1869. Other examples by years are Illinois; 1891, California; 1911, Arizona and Oregon; 1912 and Montana; 1914.The women of Utah were defeated after they voted for polygamy. The women suffrage was first introduced to the congress in 1915. The bill failed at least two times when it did not gain the support of two thirds majority required to pass a bill in the senate.   Women started participating in politics and being voted for positions in the government (Sochen 178, 179).

Free Essays on How The North Won The Civil War

Why the North Won the Civil War "You are bound to fail," Union officer William Tecumseh Sherman to a Southern friend: "In all history, no nation of mere agriculturists ever made successful war against a nation of mechanics†¦ You are bound to fail" (Catton, Glory Road, 241). The American antebellum South, though steeped in pride and raised in military tradition, was to be no match for the growing superiority of the rapidly developing North in the coming Civil War. The lack of emphasis on manufacturing and commercial interest, stemming from the Southern desire to preserve their traditional agrarian society, surrendered to the North their ability to function independently, much less to wage war. It was neither Northern troops nor generals that won the Civil War, rather Northern guns and industry. From the onset of war, the Union had obvious advantages. Quite simply, the North had large amounts of just about everything that the South did not, including resources that the Confederacy had even no means of attaining. Sheer manpower ratios were extremely one-sided, with only 9 of the nations 31 million inhabitants residing in the seceding states (Angle, 7). The Union also had large amounts of land available for growing food crops, which served the dual purpose of providing food for its hungry soldiers and money for its ever-growing industries. The South, on the other hand, devoted most of what usable land it had exclusively to its main cash crop: cotton (Catton, The Coming Fury, 38). Raw materials were almost entirely concentrated in Northern mines and refining industries. Railroads and telegraph lines, the lifelines of any army at the time, traced paths all across the Northern countryside but left the South isolated, outdated, developed in the form of economic colonialism. The final blow to the Confederacy was a modern South that was all too willing to sell what little raw materials they possessed to Northern industry for any ... Free Essays on How The North Won The Civil War Free Essays on How The North Won The Civil War Why the North Won the Civil War "You are bound to fail," Union officer William Tecumseh Sherman to a Southern friend: "In all history, no nation of mere agriculturists ever made successful war against a nation of mechanics†¦ You are bound to fail" (Catton, Glory Road, 241). The American antebellum South, though steeped in pride and raised in military tradition, was to be no match for the growing superiority of the rapidly developing North in the coming Civil War. The lack of emphasis on manufacturing and commercial interest, stemming from the Southern desire to preserve their traditional agrarian society, surrendered to the North their ability to function independently, much less to wage war. It was neither Northern troops nor generals that won the Civil War, rather Northern guns and industry. From the onset of war, the Union had obvious advantages. Quite simply, the North had large amounts of just about everything that the South did not, including resources that the Confederacy had even no means of attaining. Sheer manpower ratios were extremely one-sided, with only 9 of the nations 31 million inhabitants residing in the seceding states (Angle, 7). The Union also had large amounts of land available for growing food crops, which served the dual purpose of providing food for its hungry soldiers and money for its ever-growing industries. The South, on the other hand, devoted most of what usable land it had exclusively to its main cash crop: cotton (Catton, The Coming Fury, 38). Raw materials were almost entirely concentrated in Northern mines and refining industries. Railroads and telegraph lines, the lifelines of any army at the time, traced paths all across the Northern countryside but left the South isolated, outdated, developed in the form of economic colonialism. The final blow to the Confederacy was a modern South that was all too willing to sell what little raw materials they possessed to Northern industry for any ...

Introducing ReQueue The Most Intelligent Way To Automate Social Media

Introducing ReQueue The Most Intelligent Way To Automate Social Media You + social automation have a love/hate relationship. You love the idea of setting up a social campaign ONCE and letting it run on autopilot†¦ (while reaping the amazing benefits of a consistent, relevant, and timely social schedule) BUTlet’s be real. Your â€Å"social automation reality† looks more like: †¦working overtime when those â€Å"make life easier† auto-schedules drown out  more relevant promos. chasing down rogue messages that accidentally  posted MULTIPLE times (and spammed your audience)  because the tool’s UX was glitchy and spending hours manipulating â€Å"automatic† sharing frequencies in attempt to stay in control of your social schedule. The problem: Most social automation tools don’t give you the control, flexibility, OR  global visibility  you need  to  make them worth  the effort. They can’t  react, recalibrate, or anticipate changes They don’t  allow for customization†¦ They don’t  take the rest of your planned social schedule into consideration†¦ And quite franklythey’re just dumb. 👎 Which is why we created ReQueue: the only social automation tool with built-in intelligence + added layers of control, flexibility, and visibility  over your entire social strategy. Keep scrollin’ for more details 👇 The Most Intelligent Way To Automate Your Social Media (Now With More Control + Flexibility)You can set it   forget it (with confidence) Social automation is supposed to simplify your life (not add work to it). With ReQueue- the ONLY intelligent social automation tool on the web- you can set your best social messages on autopilot, and know with confidence your messages are sent to the right places (at the right time)with minimal effort. Create your social messages (one time) Add them to ReQueue (one time) And let intelligently send them out at the best possible traffic times for each network (as many times as you want)! Best of all you’ve got total control. Just go to your ReQueue settings to make things work your way. Select the days and times you’d like us to send ReQueue messages. Then add message sending limits so you can avoid sending the same message too often. Select which social profiles you’d like to post to (and set unique send limits for each individual account). And build out custom ReQueue groups to house your evergreen social posts. Unlike other automation tools, you won’t have to worry about over publishing, spamming your customers, or missing opportunities to connect with them. With ReQueue, you won’t have to worry about over publishing, spamming your customers, or missingYou’ll get more mileage out of your messages On average, the number of touchpoints you need for people to convert (i.e. click on your social message, interact with it, etc.) is 12 times. Did you read that? 12 times. And  your audience is overwhelmed with information 24/7 on their social networks. Sharing your post once and hoping people notice it is†¦.idealistic at best. ReQueue consistently shares your posts with your audience AND gets you the results you’ve been working your butt off for! Have a social message that got tons of engagement? Add it to ReQueue right from your calendar. Set share limits to get the most out of your high-performing posts. Once your messages hit your send limit, ReQueue will automatically archive it for you. Want to share it again? You can easily unarchive top performing ReQueue messages (or entire groups) to revitalize your social strategy. So if you’ve created seasonal groups in ReQueue (for example), now you can bring them back into rotation when it makes sense for your social strategy. Remember, the average lifespan of a single social messages is mere minutes, so why are you only sharing it once? Craft those messages, add them to ReQueue, and let re-share them at the most optimal posting frequency OR in your designated time slots. Introducing ReQueue The Most Intelligent Way To Automate Social Media You + social automation have a love/hate relationship. You love the idea of setting up a social campaign ONCE and letting it run on autopilot†¦ (while reaping the amazing benefits of a consistent, relevant, and timely social schedule) BUTlet’s be real. Your â€Å"social automation reality† looks more like: †¦working overtime when those â€Å"make life easier† auto-schedules drown out  more relevant promos. chasing down rogue messages that accidentally  posted MULTIPLE times (and spammed your audience)  because the tool’s UX was glitchy and spending hours manipulating â€Å"automatic† sharing frequencies in attempt to stay in control of your social schedule. The problem: Most social automation tools don’t give you the control, flexibility, OR  global visibility  you need  to  make them worth  the effort. They can’t  react, recalibrate, or anticipate changes They don’t  allow for customization†¦ They don’t  take the rest of your planned social schedule into consideration†¦ And quite franklythey’re just dumb. 👎 Which is why we created ReQueue: the only social automation tool with built-in intelligence + added layers of control, flexibility, and visibility  over your entire social strategy. Keep scrollin’ for more details 👇 The Most Intelligent Way To Automate Your Social Media (Now With More Control + Flexibility)You can set it   forget it (with confidence) Social automation is supposed to simplify your life (not add work to it). With ReQueue- the ONLY intelligent social automation tool on the web- you can set your best social messages on autopilot, and know with confidence your messages are sent to the right places (at the right time)with minimal effort. Create your social messages (one time) Add them to ReQueue (one time) And let intelligently send them out at the best possible traffic times for each network (as many times as you want)! Best of all you’ve got total control. Just go to your ReQueue settings to make things work your way. Select the days and times you’d like us to send ReQueue messages. Then add message sending limits so you can avoid sending the same message too often. Select which social profiles you’d like to post to (and set unique send limits for each individual account). And build out custom ReQueue groups to house your evergreen social posts. Unlike other automation tools, you won’t have to worry about over publishing, spamming your customers, or missing opportunities to connect with them. With ReQueue, you won’t have to worry about over publishing, spamming your customers, or missingYou’ll get more mileage out of your messages On average, the number of touchpoints you need for people to convert (i.e. click on your social message, interact with it, etc.) is 12 times. Did you read that? 12 times. And  your audience is overwhelmed with information 24/7 on their social networks. Sharing your post once and hoping people notice it is†¦.idealistic at best. ReQueue consistently shares your posts with your audience AND gets you the results you’ve been working your butt off for! Have a social message that got tons of engagement? Add it to ReQueue right from your calendar. Set share limits to get the most out of your high-performing posts. Once your messages hit your send limit, ReQueue will automatically archive it for you. Want to share it again? You can easily unarchive top performing ReQueue messages (or entire groups) to revitalize your social strategy. So if you’ve created seasonal groups in ReQueue (for example), now you can bring them back into rotation when it makes sense for your social strategy. Remember, the average lifespan of a single social messages is mere minutes, so why are you only sharing it once? Craft those messages, add them to ReQueue, and let re-share them at the most optimal posting frequency OR in your designated time slots.

The School of Journalism and Mass Communication Essay

The School of Journalism and Mass Communication - Essay Example Yet, what we communicate is even more important than how we communicate. The School of Journalism and Mass Communication would give me the deeper knowledge I require to pursue a career in Public Relations and Event Planning. My obligation to the field is to bring a solid foundation rooted in the many issues I will face in tomorrow's world of Journalism and Mass Communication. I have long aspired to work in the field of communications. During the last two years I have worked as an event planner, helping the staff promote and produce events for our clients. This exposure has worked to heighten my dedication to pursue this area as I have found it fascinating as well as enjoyable. I have gotten great self-satisfaction working with people as we crafted the messages and images required to produce a successful event. This experience has taught me the importance of the details that can only be acquired through a continued and quality education. It is the many facets of communication that I hope to gain from the School of Journalism and Mass Communication. My previous studies have focused on my eventual attendance in the higher level courses of communications. I have always strived to maintain a high level of academic success and in the fall of 2005 I was recognized by John Cabot University for this achievement.

Voting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Voting - Essay Example Therefore, the other option is indirect democracy. In indirect democracy, people vote to choose representatives, and the representatives then take decisions to govern the country. Similarly, the United States of America is an indirect democratic country. In the country, to elect a president people cast their votes. Nonetheless, there are some issues regarding the voter turnout. A low turnout rate has become a dilemma for several past decades. Thus, the claim to become a role model for the rest of the world has become almost shattered. It is evident that the turnout was policy-based, which affected the election of 1988. Thus, in an election we may discern a link between the policy preferences of individuals and their voting ratio. Definition of voter turnout First, we will have to define a voter turnout. Voter turnout refers to the overall number of people who cast their vote in any election. The turnout, generally, exhibits with percentage; however, there are other methods to ascerta in the turnout rate of voters. The most general way to evaluate turnout of voters is counting the overall number of votes. This method is known as Total Vote. Obviously, this is the most direct way to count the vote and measure the turnout. However, this method has some setbacks; for example, it counts all votes whether valid or invalid (Pintor et al., 2002). In addition, the method is unable to supplement comparison aspects. The residency requirement for new citizens after that they would be able to cast a vote is another reason for a lower turnout. In 2003, the issue of new residents arose in 44 states. However, these requirements of residency have been set to 30 days before the federal election, yet there are still chances that several eligible voters would not be able to cast their votes (Patterson, 2009). The Election of 1988 in United States In the 1988 presidential election, the voter turnout was 50.1%. The turnout was lower than the standards of American presidential electio n. They were several reasons for the lower turnout, which will be discussed latter on; however, the present question is who suffered due to the low turnout, George Bush (Republican) or Michael Dukakis (Democrat). The statistical calculations exhibit Dukakis was going to win the election of 1988 if the individuals took part fully in the elections. Most of the individuals who remained unmoved during the elections were the supporters of Democrats. Briefly, one can observe the Republican had the advantage of low turnout of votes; thus, it can be concluded that the election of 1988 – specifically, its result – was not the real picture of the preferences of people. In this regard, in the current paper Radcliff’s aggregate study on the presidential elections from 1928 to 1980 has been examined to evaluate the American National Election of 1988. It has been identified in the current study that the minimum turnout shows harmful results and suggests encouraging voters to take part in voting. Citizens should understand that their votes are a representative of their choice. The lower turnout of the voters has become a significant debatable issue in American society. Moreover, researchers and scholars are being pressurized to find out the real reason of individual voter absentees. In addition, a significant relation is found between Democratic vote division and turnout (DeNardo, 1980). Furthermore, in presidential elec

Hispanic speaking mental health program at catholic charities of Research Paper

Hispanic speaking mental health program at catholic charities of fairfield - Research Paper Example The world of today is rather unique in that it has been torn apart by wars, racism, homelessness, unemployment and various types of financial and economic crises that are affecting and crippling millions of people every day. True to its motto ‘Faith in Action’ this organization has developed a number of housing schemes for the homeless which enables both the able bodied as well as physically and mentally challenged individuals to live and correlate with each other in peace and harmony, thereby enhancing the worth of the family unit. The housing schemes of the Catholic Charities of Fairfield are of various kinds from the Permanent Housing Diocese Program to the Scattered Site Housing Program to the Conger House and Thomas Merton Center Programs. The agency’s New Heights Program is directed towards the mentally challenged individuals in Bridgeport, CT and is dedicated towards making every individual achieve their maximum possible potential. It is a psycho-social pro gram that offers pre-vocational and vocational training, educational training, computer knowhow and support groups, with peer and telephonic support as well. In order to be a part of this program, one must be diagnosed with a mental illness, be receiving service from the Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services and be residing within one of the areas served. The issue at hand appears to be that these services need to be expanded as the population of Bridgeport is increasing. However the problem is that the majority of the new population that has entered Bridgeport in recent years appears to be Hispanic. It is not difficult to see this when recent US census estimates show that the Hispanics are the single largest ethnic majority in the USA today. These facts had come to light in the last two elections and Obama and Bush had both tried to win a large part of the Hispanic vote as it affected their overall results. Most likely the problem has existed for a number of months now and came to light of the administration when mentally challenged Hispanic individuals and their caretakers applied for assistance and admission to the New Heights program. A check up from the Mayor’s Office or even a local real estate agent would have given an indication of the changing trend of residencies in the county. The problem is that the Catholic Charities of Fairfield had not planned for this demographic trend and have not included diversity within their program makeup. The consequences are that the services and the staff are all English speaking Americans and there is no one to assist the Hispanic speaking population. As we have noted, the majority of the newcomers have been from South and Central America and therefore the present setup is at a loss as to how to accommodate for this change in demographics. As a result the Spanish speaking individuals cannot be served and are placed on waiting lists. But sooner or later, a solution will have to be found as the probl em is not going to go away. PROPOSED SOLUTIONS & THEIR IMPLEMENTATION Planning for change is a very important thing and should be practiced by individuals as well as organizations and their management staff. Even if the problem was not recognized in the past, it is not too late now and some swift and effective changes this agency can help accommodate the new Hispanic patients. The first thing would be to see if there is enough room and funds under the present programs. As Hispanics would also be attending

Access To Humanities And Social Science Sociology Essay

Access To Humanities And Social Science Sociology Essay This essay will explore the concept of the family, and how it has changed over time. The family is an enduring institution over time and within different cultural settings such as nomadic, tribal, agrarian, industrial and post- industrial. The history of man is essentially linked to that of the family; for instance, the most powerful narrative of the western world is arguably the bible, and it gives the defining genealogy of mankind. A central theme of the bible is family history which links the main players from Adam and Eve through to Jesus himself, for instance; who doesnt know Jesus was from the line of David? It is, amongst other things, an extensive documentation of family. It is said that in pre-industrial Britain, the family had different a different social agenda and a different focus than that of the family in the industrial revolution that followed. Before industrialisation Britain was an agricultural country with most of its population working on the land. It is widely believed that the extended family was prevalent in these times. Social historian Philippe Aries (1962) suggested that children of this time were regarded as little adults who took part in the work place and were thought of as an economic asset. He argued that as their death rate was so high, there were difficulties in investing emotionally in children. In medieval society the idea of childhood did not exist; www.google.com/www.ehs.org.uk/society/pdfs/Hendrick%2015a.pdf On the other hand, Peter Laslett (1972-77), studied pre industrial family structures and suggested that neither kinship, nor the classic extended families were typical family structures in pre industrial Britain or America, he suggested the figures showed these families made up less than 10% of the family population in. After extensive research on family sizes in Britain he reversed the argument that the nuclear family came about in reaction to industrialisation, stating that the nuclear family was to be found in pre industrial Britain, and that there was evidence of the same in much of Europe, the nuclear family had economic, political and social consequences that prepared Britain and Europe for early industrialisation. He called the nuclear family of this time the western family. His studies also led him to conclude that the classic extended family was found more widely in Eastern Europe and in countries such as Russia and Japan. Anderson (1980) argued that there was a greater variety of family structure than Laslett implied in his research, implying pre industrial Europe was characterised by family diversity. Anderson used data from the 1851 census of Preston and concluded that 23% of the households of the working classes contained kin beyond that of the nuclear family, a much larger figure than that of Lasletts findings. Preston was largely reliant on the cotton trade in these times, and he concluded that in these times of hardship, resulting from spells of high unemployment, low wages, high death rates and overcrowded housing, large kinship networks would be beneficial to all parties. For example, the parents of spouses would often live in the same household, providing them with child care whilst they were out at work. In turn the grandparents were cared for. Andersons studies led him to conclude that the working class family of the mid nineteenth century acted as a mutual aid organisation. Anderson argued that industrialisation increased rather than decreased extensions of working class nuclear families. In1949 functionalist George Murdock published his studies on the institution of the family, looking at a wide range of societies (250) from large scale industrial, to small hunter gatherer societies. He concluded that a form of the family existed in every society. Murdock defined the family (1949) It includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved relationship, and one or more children, own or adopted, of sexually cohabiting adults.; Haralambos Holborn, Sociology Themes and perspectives Seventh edition, pg 460. Murdock defined the family as living together, pooling its resources, working together, and producing offspring. He also thought of the family as functioning with at least two of its adult members conducting a sexual relationship, depending on the norms of its society. For example in Muslim countries it is allowed for the male to have up to four wives. Murdock defined the family as being a universal social institution. Functionalist views are often referred to as conservative thinking, preserving or maintaining the status quo. Arguments opposing functionalist theories emerge from Marxist and feminist ideology, as often in their fundamental nature, they will challenge or change existing perceived oppression and exploitation, with feminists exposing, or trying to change oppression of women, and in Marxist ideology, exposing and theorizing on the exploitation and oppression of the working classes. (1884) Engles studied the evolution of the family with a Marxist outlook. Engles argued that the monogamous nuclear family developed as the state passed laws to protect private property, and to enforce monogamous marriage. The nuclear monogamous family solved the problem of the inheritance of property, and gave men certainty as to the legitimacy of their heirs. Engels stated that the monogamous family asserted male supremacy; the express purpose being to produce children of undisputed paternity, such paternity is demanded because these children are later to come into their fathers property Engles (1972) first published (1884), Haralambos Holborn, Sociology Themes and perspectives Seventh edition pg464. Marxist feminists see women as being unequal in society and in the family; they assert the inequality of patriarchal systems in society such as the family. This group of feminist psychologists see the problems facing women in society as being capitalist, but unlike Marxists, who concentrate on capitalism and its effects on the family, the Marxist feminist would focus on its effects on women. Speaking of housewives Benston commented (1972) The amount of unpaid labour performed by women is very large and profitable to those who own the means of production pg466. She would assert that the male member of the family pays for the running of a future work force (his children) and the financial care of his wife, and as a result, he is trapped in the cogs of capitalism. Talcot Parsons (1959-65b) was an influential Functionalist sociologist who asserted that the American family had, by this point in the evolution of the American society, been reduced to two main functions; the stabilisation of children, and the stabilisation of the adult personalities. Parsons identified the typical family in modern industrial society as the isolated nuclear family, and argued; as the society evolves and becomes engaged in processes of structural differentiation, the functions of the family are diminished. Parsons thought that as institutions develop within society, there would be a transfer of a variety of functions from the nuclear family to other structures of society, Haralambos Holborn, Sociology Themes and perspectives Seventh edition pg47. The Education system, Health and Welfare systems were all seen as examples of this transference of functions. He argued that the isolated nuclear family helps to maintain and perpetuate the wider society. He continued that ascribed status that is given to its members within the family, directly contrasts with status that has to be achieved in society at large. It is because it is isolated it can manage this discrepancy; if it was not, extended tensions could arise. An example of this is the position Parsons gives to the male within the family, head of the family, which may contradict with a lower economic status outside the family, but it is managed within the isolated nuclear family. In an extended family, another male in the household who was on more pay than the spouse, would reduce that males status within his family. The family had become structurally isolated and family relationships were more of a matter of choice than blinding obligations. Parsons saw these existing functions of the nuclear family as being vital functions in maintaining the American way of life. (1976) Zaretsky gave a Marxist outlook; in researching the developments of the family in industrialised societies he asserted the family props up capitalism Haralambos Holborn, Sociology Themes and perspectives Seventh edition p465. Zaretsky (1976) asserted that only with industrialisation, work and family life separated. He noted that the family was seen as a refuge in a terrible anonymous world of commerce and industry. But unlike Parsons, who was pro capitalism, he would say that the family perpetuates capitalism and inequality; in the unpaid labour of women, creating new labour forces, and in the family being a unit of consumption that allowed the bourgeoisie too prosper. Zaretsky saw socialism as the familys answer to the evils of capitalism. Marxist feminist Fran Ansley echoed the Marxist view point when she asserted wives play their traditional role as takers of shit, they often absorb their husbands legitimate anger and frustration at their own powerlessness and oppression. Hers was the view that married working class women cushion their husbands ill feelings at their powerlessness within the work place. There are three periods in the development of feminism; the first being political, mainly campaigning for womens rights to vote. The second period of feminist development was in the 1960s depicting the rise of the womans liberation movement which dealt with social and economic discrimination, with feminists of the time campaigning for womens rights and to change legislation. The third period is said to have continued from the second, but also in reaction to what had already been achieved by feminists through legislation. This period is said to have started in the 1990s and has continued to present times. There are different groups of feminists, who have differing opinions concerning womens issues and what is the best way forward for womankind. It is said that in modern times feminism has splintered into different groups, reflecting the needs of a multi cultural society. Addressing, for example, feminism from a cultural point of view; such as honour killings, and arranged marriages, w hich pose considerable problems for the agents of a host society. Different groups of feminist sociologists include liberal feminism; which is a less extreme form of feminism than others. Commenting on liberal feminism Susan Wendel remarks, one of the modern political goals most closely associated with liberal feminism is equality of opportunity which would undoubtedly require and lead to both; www.google.com /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal feminism. They see women as having equality, but would look at a womens ability to show or uphold her equality in the decisions and actions she makes. A liberal feminist would say that a woman needs to mould herself to fit citizenship in a social structure constructed in the interests of men. They also believe that socialisation needs to be addressed, as in its current form, it can often perpetuate the inequalities that women face in society; an example of this would be girls toys like dolls and prams conditioning them into their future role as ho use wives and mothers. Liberal feminist Jennifer Somerville (2000) sees our society as being much more equal in recent years. She believes that laws need to be passed to make heterosexual marriages more equal in order to address the family breakdown. Radical Feminists believe women are unequal in society. Women are exploited in patriarchal society. Some radical feminists believe the answer is separatism; meaning that men and women should live apart. Radical feminist Germaine Greer (2000) remarks on high profile family couples; her eyes should be fixed on him but he should do his best never to be caught looking at her. The relationship must be seen to be unequal Haralambos Holborn, Sociology Themes and perspectives Seventh edition pg 468. She argues that women seem oblivious to the misgivings of marriage but the inequalities soon become apparent, and that male sexuality requires the added stimulus of novelty. She points to the fact that three quarters of divorces in Britain are instigated by women, as evidence that women will no longer suffer in silence for the illusion of a stable family life. She sees this as a good thing for women. Difference feminist, Calhoun (1997) states that heterosexual relationships exploit women, and that gay and lesbian relationships reduce that exploitation. She remarks that gays and lesbians have historically been depicted as family outlaws. Calhoun sees another type of family outlaw; the unwed welfare mother. Calhoun thinks that these family outlaws have been blamed for the breakdown of the traditional family, and of a moral decline within society. Difference feminism has been influenced by liberal, Marxist and radical feminism and has connotations with post modern theories. But where Marxist, and radical feminist movements are insensitive to family variation. Difference feminists focus on these family variations and there effects. American Difference Feminist Linda Nicholson (1977) states that women can benefit from living in an alternative family, that other theorists and sociologists have over idealised the nuclear family and undermined the alternative family. Examples of alternative families are; families with a stay at home father, heterosexual families living outside marriage, step families and homosexual families to name a few. She points out that the nuclear family had only been the norm since the fifties, and that even then it was uncommon for groups such as the African American working classes. Nicholson says that changes in society such as Increased participation of married women in the labour force, and the growth of female-headed households were making this way of life increasingly atypical; Nicholson (1997) pg471. She sees benefits for women living in an alternative family; black women benefiting from mother centred families, as with no male presents, the women often group together forming strong support networks. Also in times of financial hardship, friends and kin act as a social insurance system, helping financially. Nicholson saw disadvantages for women in an alternative family as being; if the family did come into money, they would then be expected to, in turn, help their network of close friends and family financially, another disadvantage of this type of alternative family would be that children had no father figure, unlike in many middle class households. Nicholson also looked at the advantages and disadvantages of the nuclear family. Disadvantages are that with both parents having to work, the childrens upbringing can be negatively affected, and with such a structure, abused children often had nowhere to turn within a nuclear family. Nicholson would assert that an advantage of being in a nuclear family would be that there is a much greater chance of being economically successful as often, both parents are working, and that the nuclear family doesnt have to redistrib ute its wealth. Nicholson would argue that different families and households should be acknowledged because they suit women in differing circumstances. Examine the changing and diverse nature of the family in modern society; the modern family has become increasingly diverse in structure in todays modern western world. The nuclear family is no longer seen as the norm by many sociologists, and other family structures such as: lone parent families, matriarchal families, reconstructed families (step families), Homosexual families, mixed race families, and ethnic minority families, have become more common place in modern western societies. One form of family which has attracted criticism in recent years is the lone parent family. This type of family structure is now much more prevalent in the western world, in Britain alone, it is said that there has been a thirty per cent increase in lone parent families in the last ten years. Around a quarter of all families are headed by one parent in Britain today. The new right (modern functionalists) believe that the nuclear family is the ideal family structure, and view lone parent families and sa me sex families as harmful to society. From a new right perspective, lone parent families mostly have no father figure to financially provide for the family, making it financially dependent on the state. Also they would argue that the lack of a male role model is a negative force in the socialization process of children. Other criticisms of lone parent families and their financial reliance upon the state, it is argued, is that they have eroded the responsibilities of fathers, who are much more likely to be involved in antisocial behaviour. New right thinkers believe that single parent families have helped to create an underclass in Britains society: who see no need to work, who often live in poverty, whose children are more likely to under achieve in school, and are more likely to be involved in a wide range of social problems. The new right would go so far as to say that there is a generation of a young underclass of females who regard pregnancy as a ticket to receiving housing, an d financial support from the state, but others would say that this is a simplistic outlook and that it is unfair to stigmatise single parent families, or to blame them for the problems within society. Mary McIntosh (1996) pointed out that over recent years, the media in the United Kingdom have been reflecting a concern about lone mothers that amounts to a moral panic pg478. Also, it is mostly not the case that these, mostly teenage girls, get pregnant to be housed and supported by the state, as in most cases, they see a future with their partners, but the relationship breaks down. E.E Ceshmore (1985) speaking of the darker side family life and how it serves male interests asserted that the idea of breaking free of marriage and raising children single handed has its appeals pg488. She continued that it must be preferable for a child to grow up with one caring parent, than live with two warring parents. Another new form of family structure in todays Western society is same sex families. Recent changes in attitudes towards gays and lesbian behaviours and in the law (the UKs Civil Partnership Act of 2004) have enabled this new form of family. Often same sex households will define their households as chosen families, with more choices available than traditional heterosexual families, these families adopt their offspring in most cases, but there is the option of producing a child in a laboratory using donated sperm for some women. It has also been known for homosexuals to conceive children, and for gay couples to use a surrogate mother in order to start a family. Geffery Weeks (1999) stated; they choose whom to include in their family and negotiate what are often fairly egalitarian relationships pg484. Weeks goes on to argue that this type of family is based on individual freedoms, and participation within this family is a matter of bargaining instead of merely adopting the traditional roles within the traditional heterosexual family. Arguments against same sex couples come from the new right and religious groups who argue that the socialisation process of children within these families is undermined by the lack of an adult of the other sex in a same sex family. Generally it is seen as a threat to the traditional models of the heterosexual family. There have been different ethnic groups immigrating to the UK throughout the 20th century. These families have brought with them different norms and values, and different ways of bringing up their offspring. For example, Black Afro Caribbean families, whose structure is often fundamentally matriarchal (single Mothers rearing the children) provide economically for the unit. It is often the case that families originating from Southern Asia often contain extended families. Studies on British Asian families, Muslim: Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and Indian: Hindu and Sikh, found that there was a continued emphasis on family loyalty and an effort to maintain traditional marriage practices such as arranged marriages. Ballard commented that this was because upon arriving in Britain, many Asians saw British culture as placing little emphasis on family traditions, or on maintaining kinship ties. These observations resulted in a strong desire to uphold their traditional family ways and try to insure that their children upheld these traditions also. British Asian families often have members of a third generation living in a household, mostly the parents of the mother or father. A Sikh tradition is that when the eldest son marries, his wife moves into the household to help care for the spouses parents. This tradition of collective responsibility can be beneficial to members of the family, and the wider society. For instance, the caring of elderly relatives and child care arrangement of the children are traditionally provided for within the family unit, therefore these families have no need to rely on the state financially. On the other hand it could be argued that women in these families are closely monitored and there is the potential for their exploitation, and their abuse in some cases. Honour killings for example, can be seen as an extreme cultural behaviour, which pose a serious problem in modern society. Different sociological groups have differing opinions regarding the changes in family structures, in changing attitudes towards what is the norm regarding the concept of the family, and the consequences these shifts have incurred. Some point to changes in the law in the sixties and 1970, The Sex Discrimination Act 1975, and changes in legislation that made it easier to divorce. Some sociologists see these changes in legislation as a turning point which saw the start of the decline of the nuclear family as the norm. Germaine Greers book, The Female Eunuch, published in 1970, helped to bring womens liberation to a wide audience of young women. In it, Greer commented that opponents of the liberation of women were more clear sighted than those who believed that equality for women would not upset anything. She went on to say that, when we reap the harvest, which the unwitting suffragettes sowed, we will see that the anti-feminists were after all right. M Abbott/ Family Affairs/ pg121. Oth er sociologists believe that the breakdown of the nuclear family is not down to just these changes in legislation, but point to changes in norms, values and in attitudes in modern times. They point to the numbers of divorces, and assert that most people still believe in marriage as the ideal way in which to bring up a family, but greater freedom and expectations for women have led to the divorce rate rising. Sociologists such as Abbot and Wallice recognise increasing family diversity but view the decline of the nuclear family and of marriages as having been exaggerated by the New Right for political reasons. They assert that, seven out of eight children are born to parents living together, three quarters of whom are legally married. Only one in five children will experience parental divorce by the time he or she is 16. Pg508