THE CORE

The same pole always ended up pointing north. All magnets have a north and a south pole, no matter what shape they might have been bent into, or even if you break it apart into pieces. The magnetic field is the strongest at these poles. As magnets are brought near one another, they exert a force on each other. The force can be either attractive or repulsive and can be felt even when the magnets don't touch (force at a distance). This leads us to the Law of Magnetism which says â€Å"Like poles repel and unlike poles attract†. This is like the force between electric charges, but not exactly the same.Electrical charges and magnetic poles are different Many people wrongly assume that magnets can stick to any metal. In fact only a few elements on the periodic table actually have any magnetic properties strong enough to be worth mentioning. These elements are known as a group as ferromagnetic elements. The name comes from the Latin name for iron, ferrule. The ferromagnetic elements are: 1. Iron 2. Cobalt 3. Nickel 4. Gadolinium As time passed, more and more people tried to explain magnetism. William Gilbert, wrote a book called De Magnet on the subject.He was able to spores some old superstitions about magnets, while at the same time presenting his own scientific ideas. He even proposed the idea of an â€Å"orb of virtue† surrounding every magnet, basically he was describing a magnetic field. The Effects of MME An electromagnetic pulse (MME), also sometimes called a transient electromagnetic disturbance, is a short burst of electromagnetic energy. At a higher level an MME can induce a spark, for example when fuelling a gasoline- engine vehicle. Such sparks have been known to cause fuel-air explosions and precautions must be taken to prevent them.A large MME can induce high rents and voltages in the victim, damaging electrical equipment or disrupting its function. A very large MME event such as a lightning strike is also capable of damaging objects such as trees, buildings and aircraft directly, either through heating effects or the disruptive effects of the very large magnetic field generated by the current. An indirect effect can be electrical fires caused by heating. These damaging effects have led to the introduction of MME weapons. Most engineered structures and systems require some form of protection against lightning to be designed in.The Animals that Navigate sing Magnetism Abominations is the phenomenon of magnetic fields produced by living organisms; it is a subset of blameworthiness's. In contrast, organisms' use of magnetism in navigation is misconception and the study of the magnetic fields' effects on organisms is negotiability. Researchers believe some migratory birds can sense the magnetic field through their upper beak because there is a magnetite receptor there, which is made up of iron-based magnetic crystals. This senses the strength of the magnetic field, which is strongest at the poles, and it measures the an gle of the field compared to the round.The beak is similar to a compass. According to the experiment done by Max Plank Institute in Germany, they found that when they re-magnetized the iron particles in the beaks of migratory birds like robins and red warblers, it suggested that the beaks do act as a type of compass or navigational device. It partially allowed the birds to decide in what direction to go in. Re- magnification is similar to when you rub a magnet with a piece of metal allowing for the metal to become magnetized, by doing this you can change the direction of magnetism by rubbing it in the other direction.The research shows that migratory birds may have sensory systems linked to their beaks that use iron to detect the Earth's magnetic field. How are the Aurora Borealis and Australia formed? The aurora Borealis (northern lights) form when charged particles emitted from the sun during a solar flare penetrate the earth's magnetic shield and collide with atoms and molecules in our atmosphere. These collisions result in countless little bursts of light, called photons, which make up the aurora. Collisions with oxygen produce red and green auroras, while nitrogen produces the pink and purple colors.This reaction encircles the polar regions of the earth and occurs at an altitude of 40-400 miles (65-650 km) in a zone called the ‘Aurorally Oval The aurora Borealis most commonly occur between 600-750 latitude, but during great geomagnetic storms the aurorally oval expands equatorial and can reach 300 latitude or further. In the northern hemisphere they are called the aurora Borealis (northern lights) and in the southern hemisphere aurora Australia (southern lights). How Magnetism is created by moving charges? When an electrical charge is moving or an electric current passes through a ire, a circular magnetic field is created.Magnetism is seen whenever electrically charged particles are in motion for example, from movement of electrons in an electric cu rrent, or in certain cases from the orbital motion of electrons around an atom's nucleus. They also arise from â€Å"intrinsic† magnetic dipoles arising from quantum-mechanical spin. The same situations that create magnetic fields, charge moving in a current or in an atom, and intrinsic magnetic dipoles, are also the situations in which a magnetic field has an effect, creating a force. QUESTIONS/EXPLANATIONS What was the cause of death of 32 civilians within the 10 mile block radius in the film?The reason why 32 people died in that movie is because when the core of the Earth stopped moving, the NEFF or Electro Magnetic Field of the Earth deteriorated causing massive problems on people with pacemakers. Pacemaker is a device that helps control the heart of people that have abnormal heart beats. Why did the wrist watch stopped ticking? Because of the MME, a pulse of electromagnetic energy, this induces a very high current thousands of volts in parts of the watch, and since many electrical items, such as microchips, are very sensitive to high voltages, it causes them to break.Explain the Erratic Behavior of the Pigeons in the Film Because the Pigeons are affected by the change of the Earth's Magnetic Why did the Borealis appear in Washington DC? When super charged particles enter the earth's atmosphere from the solar wind they tend to be channeled toward the poles by magnetic forces causing them to spiral around the magnetic field lines of the earth. They are energetic enough to unionize air molecules, so a considerable number of atoms and molecules are elevated to excited states.When they make the transition back to their ground states they emit light characteristic of the atoms and molecules. Red and green light emitted from oxygen atoms is a constituent of the light seen at the poles. Atmospheric nitrogen also plays a role. How is the Earth's Magnetic Field created according to the film? The magnetic field is generated by the rotation Of the dense, iron, liquid outer core and that this field extends about 126,000 meters (proxy. 78 miles) out into space.As the outer core fluid is driven by convection currents, a dynamo effect of circulating electric current is produced inside Earth. The Space Shuttle in the film was 12 miles off course. Explain what happened. The Space Shuttle, returning from space, suddenly turns up far off course and headed for impact in Los Angels due to a momentary glitch in its navigation, positioning systems (GAPS on overdrive), and a faulty ground transponder which resulted in the shuttle being off-course by 12 miles.Enumerate the effects of losing the earth's Magnetic Field according to the film. People with pacemakers, all within a 10-block radius, will be dead. The Golden Gate Bridge collapses, sending hundreds of people plunging to their deaths. Flocks of pigeons lose their ability to navigate, flying into panicked crowds, slamming into windshields and causing drivers to lose control of their cars. And an electrical superstore. Give the scientific explanation how the terra shuttle was found under the ocean at the end of the film.Keyes and Child's realize they can use the unobtainable shell to convert the heat and pressure from the waveforms to power the Virgil, and they are able to escape the core. They break through the crust underwater, leaving them on the ocean floor without power and communications. They believe themselves lost but use the remaining power o activate a weak sonar beacon. The beacon attracts a nearby whale pod, and Finch is able to trace their whale songs to locate the Virgil.

Emphasizing Cultural Attributes Essay

Abstract Students identified for special education programs, either for the gifted or for students in need of more intensive instruction, are often identified solely by their qualifying label or diagnosis in close to all circumstances. The emphasized focus on this one attribute often results in a lack of acknowledgement for the culture of the child and how that culture affects learning style and social behavior. The students in these programs may not have the self-awareness to know and be proud of their heritage nor might their peers have an idea of how each are the same and different because of these ancestral qualities. This lack of recognition disrupts the efforts that both schools and communities put forth in establishing multicultural environments for learning and socializing. It causes people to view special education students with a narrow perspective which then affects the manner in which they ultimately view all other groups. Reversing this trend and helping people to consider special education students as whole persons is achievable through simple yet intensive education of both students and professional educators. A combination of special education curriculum and professional development focusing on differentiation between cultural characteristics and label-related behaviors would provide the framework, tools, and training needed to implement a consistent education about cultural diversity as well as broaden the awareness of administrators, teachers, and instructional staff regarding different cultures and ways of life. Resistance from districts or schools would be challenged with research based findings and statistics as well as active experiences from educational establishments already piloting the program. By infusing a diversity curriculum for special education and helping professional educators to consider these students for all of their natural qualities, including but certainly not limited to their qualifying factors for special education, the multicultural movement is perpetuated. Teachers are the greatest role models for both students and community members. Providing curriculum and training in the area of cultural diversity empowers teachers to make subtle and grand changes to their schools and communities. Throughout our education system, students are labeled and categorized so as to ensure proper delivery of instruction and academic services. This labeling process occurs via a series of assessments, observations, and includes correlation with any accompanying medical diagnosis or characteristics of such. Students whose assessment results place them outside the average or normal range are grouped either as â€Å"gifted† or â€Å"in need of more intensive instruction† and placed in special education. Once in a special education program, these students are primarily identified by their diagnosis, such as autistic or cerebral palsy, or label, such as gifted or savant. While this information is crucial to developing an academic plan that will challenge the student and initiate academic growth, these labels tend to cause educators and instructional support staff to lose sight of the student as a whole person. By failing to identify the cultural characteristics of students in special education, the school system makes itself vulnerable to failing the child. Children and their behaviors are shaped by their lifestyles at home and in the community. Households adhere to a variety of procedures and routines from how to manage hygiene to cooking practices to sharing and interacting with others. For students with additional traits that yield enrollment in special education, it is crucial to consider the cultural aspects of their lives so as to enhance the effectiveness of instruction and learning. By disregarding cultural characteristics, the students are at risk of being seen only for their disability or label and provided instruction based on statistics and research taken on other children with similar labels rather than truly individualized for each student. As a special education teacher, I can attest to the simplicity of developing lesson plans based on the disabilities seen in the classroom. Particularly if the classroom is tailored to one diagnosis, such as Autism, using pre-determined and proven methods that lend themselves to the disability are an easy way to deliver instruction and leave oneself believing the lesson was the best it could be. Unfortunately by adhering to published numbers and data collected about other students, scholars suffer both a diminished accessibility to the curriculum as well as misidentification of demonstrated behaviors during both academic and social time. When blinded by published data, educators are more prone to eliminate behaviors that are undesirable under the heading of the disability or label even though the same behavior is common in the culture of the student. Scholars are unable to fully connect with instruction or activities because cultural traits related to learning may be redirected or stopped. In a way, by identifying the student only by qualifying label and not also by gender, culture, or race, the school system is inadvertently causing the students to become more engrained in the shortcoming of their disabilities rather than giving them the knowledge and tools to overcome their obstacles. Additionally, the school forces the students to assimilate to a model of non-culture which results in a total loss of culture identification. In the case of gifted students, not emphasizing cultural differences leaves these leaders of the future short-handed in both social and networking skills. They will lack an understanding of themselves which can isolate them from their cultural peers as well as damage their ability to associate to their peers and colleagues both as children and as adults. Students, professional educators, and the community would benefit from a combination of diversity curriculum and professional development addressing the topic of cultural diversity in special education. As role models for both the students and the community, teachers will reap the most benefit from implementing such a program as well as have the greatest influence over the effectiveness of the results. By establishing a cohesive awareness about the cultural identities of students in special education, the manner in which the students and the community view all social groups will be improved. (MAISD, 2013) Curriculum written to the level of special education students would help both gifted and underachieving students gain a greater understanding and perspective about cultural diversity, allowing them to identify themselves and their peers as members of rich and honorable histories. (Minnesota State Colleges & Universities, 2013) This curriculum would parallel that of general education curriculum but with modifications to make it more accessible to the target audiences of special education. Additional lessons and activities about self identification and awareness, stereotypes of different cultures, comparison of cultural practices, and comparison of specific cultural behaviors and disability-related behaviors provide the foundation knowledge that many special educations students are lacking. Curriculum for special day classes would include creating consistent visual cues for identifying different cultures and the basic characteristics associated with each one. Gifted students would be given opportunities to delve into deeper thinking about their own heritage in comparison to that of their peers, the pros and cons of how different cultural lifestyles and attitudes affect society and the economy, and project how different cultural attributes may affect the future. (Schroeder, 2011). Implementation of this curriculum would be coupled with professional development for all school personnel. The professional development would focus on identifying students in special education by culture, gender, and race in addition to diagnosis or qualifying factors. Participants would receive a general foundation education about how different cultures look in the classroom and how those behaviors mimic the behaviors related to different disabilities or levels of genius. For example, students with Asian heritage tend to avoid eye contact which is also a classic trait of Autism. An Asian student with an autism diagnosis should not be encouraged to make eye contact with adults even though eye contact is an area of social interaction that many autism programs focus on improving. Data taken on the student’s behavior should not include frequency of eye contact because results will yield poor performance that may or may not be related to the disability. In addition to increasing understanding in this area, teachers will be given the knowledge to find students whose cultural behaviors may have led to a misidentification for special education. Our public school system continues to demonstrate a disturbing number of students who have been wrongly identified for special education due to cultural characteristics or inability to relate to assessment tools because of cultural experiences or beliefs. By learning to differentiate between cultural and disability/label related behaviors, teachers will have a first-hand opportunity to ensure that all students are placed in appropriate classrooms offering them a just-right challenge. Professional development will include information about different White cultures for these students are often lumped together as â€Å"cultureless† and therefore disregarded as displaying behaviors that can be attributed to their heritage. (Perry, 2001) White students come from a myriad of ancestries; French, South African, Australian, Spanish, Welsh, and German to name a few, and each display their own unique array of culturally related behaviors. For example, the French culture adheres to hygiene practices that are different than most cultures. As a result, a French special education student may be adverse to water because of lack of exposure. It is important to refrain from automatically attaching the adverse reaction to sensory disregulation or irrational fear, two common characteristics of many disabilities. A special education student with South African roots may only eat meat and avoid vegetables, which reflects the heavy meat diet enjoyed by persons in this region. (Oplan, 2013) It would be easy to label this as â€Å"finicky eating† and relate it back to a diagnosis of Autism or Down Syndrome, disabilities that often manifest a very limited diet. Doing so, however, damages the child and his perception of his culture as it relates to American society. Implementation of curriculum and professional development would be relatively simple as long as districts and schools are willing to make an attempt. Upon introduction to school districts, both the curriculum and training would be supported by research based findings and statistical information regarding instances of misidentification for special education, the rise of disability diagnosis as compared to the increase of culturally diverse students in public school, parallels between cultural and disability related behaviors, and rates of school failure of students whose cultural needs were not served in the classroom. The program would include additional training for district selected educators to act as support personnel for both the curriculum and training as well as regional support contacts. An online live chat forum would be established and made available 24 hours per day, seven days per week to allow educators to exchange ideas, discuss challenges, and share successes. Teachers would have opportunities to provide feedback so as to keep the training and curriculum current as well as help them feel acknowledged and empowered to continue implementing the program. Education of special education students beyond the basics is crucial if they are going to have the tools and knowledge needed to actively participate in their communities as adults. In order to interact socially with others as well as protect themselves from bigotry and slander, these students need to understand cultural differences and how those differences both benefit and plague society. They need to know what their role is in establishing a greater sense of multiculturalism in school and the community and be able to share information so as to educate others. Gifted students need a well rounded education about the world and how it interacts, most especially as related to cultural differences. They need to know how to find the threads of commonality among cultural groups while simultaneously celebrating diversity. By maintaining these skills, the students will be in the best position to have a positive influence on society and increase cultural awareness and understanding as well as diminish misguided stereotypes about both disabilities and cultural behaviors. References Minnesota State Colleges and Universities. (2013). Building Respect for Diversity. Retrieved from http://ctlrespectdiversity. project. mnscu. edu/index. asp? Type=B_BASIC&SEC= %7B9F44AF3C-4968-437C-88B2-3AFE80A0D1DD%7D MAISD. (2013). Multiculturalism and Diversity. Retrieved from http://www. muskegonisd. org/ academicservices/for-community/multicultural/ Schroeder, Connie. (2011) Infusing Diversity into the Curriculum. Retrieved from http://www4. uwm. edu/acad_aff/climate/2011_campus_conversation/march11-infusing-diversity-presentation. ppt Perry, Pamela. (2001). White Means Never Having to Say You’re Ethnic: White Youth and the Construction of â€Å"Cultureless† Identities. Retrieved from http://jce. sagepub. com/content/ 30/1/56. abstract Oplan, David. (2013). South Africa. Countries and Their Cultures. Retrieved from http://www. everyculture. com/Sa-Th/South-Africa. html#b Banks, J. A. & Banks, C. A. M. (2012). Multicultural education: Issues and perspectives. (8th Ed. ). Danville, MA: John Wiley & Sons, In.

Analysis Of Walmart Grocery Retail Chain

Wal-Mart is engaged in the retail and wholesale operation around the world. The company is known for offering assortments of merchandises and other services at an everyday lower rate. In the recent time, the retail giant has more than 11,600 stores worldwide and deals with products ranging from electronics, clothing, foot wear, health and beauty along with grocery products. It is the world’s largest company by revenue that is approximately $480 billion as well as the largest private employer hiring more than 2.3 million employees (Anselmsson et al., 2016). The retail company undertakes many business strategies in its business activities including generic strategy and competitive strategy that has actually contributed to the success of the business. The successful business strategies of the organisation include product differentiation and the cost effective measure against the products. The study below consists of the analysis of Walmart grocery retail chain on the issues that the human resources department undergoes. Many big warehouses and stores are run by Wal-Mart stores. Walmart store was founded almost fifty years ago by Walton and his brother Bud in Bentonville USA hence named after their names. Yearly it sells over 300$ billion, hence considering it to be one of the most valuable companies in the world. In many times it has been considered to be one of the biggest employer with more than one and half million workers globally. It is estimated to have more than 11600 stores globally of which 80% are in USA. Studying the economic environment of Wal-Mart will be a key in addressing the analysis of the business. Also the macro and micro analysis due to its running worldwide will also be necessary. Furthermore, strategies which are operational will be necessary in knowing how Wal-Mart is run. Another area is the marketing mix with the four factors being the 4Ps that is the price, product, place and the promotion factors which will help in explaining both the successes and failures of Wal-Mart. Next, is the study of how the human resources of Walmart is managed. The main idea here being to understand the exact area because criticism has been brought about that Wal-Mart doesn’t do well with its employees. Later, before i recommend on the case study, a SWOT analysis is done which will help in looking into Wal-Mart failures and the critics. The last step in the case study will be the conclusion, where there is a summary of all the issues studied and in existence in Wal-Mart company. The below highlighted objectives will be illustrated in our study. How importance each sector is to economy? Operations of Walmart and its Processes analysis Management of human resource and job quality analysis   Weakness studies and how to handle them PESTEL analysis will need to be made that is the Political, Economic, Social and technology factors that influences Wal-Mart directly or indirectly. In real world there exist so many forces that make a company to be more or less appealing in terms of industrial gains. This will be approached with use of five porter’s forces. Many retail companies such as Wal-Mart act within a macro-environment meaning that the scope of what happens in the outside depends on how the company runs. Unlike in micro environments the company with the retail store cannot change as these change occurs but in macro environment they adapt to the change as they occur and according to business rules and objectives. The following below is a PEST analysis explanation. Law enforcement in USA is in charge of local police, while the police of the states provides services at the border. In our case regarding the legal and political laws that affect the retail industry we consider such  (Jonathan, 2016): America is mostly occupied by the white as the majority, followed by the blacks and the rest take the other percentage. The makes the US consumer to be determined and characterized for it being so powerful or even having greater demand. The launching of products depends on the fashionable style it is created upon and products consumer centric, hence creating an engagement with the customers. Walmart is facing a lot of competition from many different countries who have different types of competition. With the use of specialization strategies stores like Target, Kmart, ShopKo will compete successfully against Walmart  (Shelly, 2014). This will be explained in to details using the porters five forces. One of the problem faced by Walmart is that it has very big retail stores but physically small in terms of size. Other retails have been competing with Walmart in Way that they specialize with one product with a motive 0f covering a wide range. This means that what one retails offer is likely to be found in other stores. This bring to an understanding that the retailers offering goods that are unique have an added advantage compared to their rivals. Walmart should be aware that the E-commerce and M-commerce has competition that’s high as we have very many new entrants. Entrance of new companies to the market may threaten the existence of those companies that have been there for a while. The expansion in the whole world is making Walmart to face a lot of competitors from countries that are different. When it comes to individual they have very little bargaining power with the retail stores. Force involved here makes buyers to put Walmart under pressure making it to relate to the laws within those specific territories in which Walmart operates.   Walmart size can break a small supplier. This is because many companies depend on Walmart in buying their product and this makes the suppliers to have very little power against Walmart. The workforce of Walmart is about 2.2M globally. Walmart has encountered many issues and lawsuits with its employees overall. The issues appointed and raised ranges from conditions which are poor for workers, Union that are have policies that are against Walmart, Little amount of money is paid as wage to its employees and lack of enough health care being just some of the bigger issues with relations to how Walmart relates to its employees. In addition to this, it has also been found that Wal-Mart does not pay the farmers well and in fact exploit them in terms of making payment to them (Sparrow, Brewster & Chung, 2016). All these issues have led to massive rebellion among the employees and have questioned the HR policies of the organisation. Thus, it can be said that Wal-Mart is facing human resource issues related to the employees of the organisation that needs to be sorted out. High employee turnover rate of about 70% indicates that many employees employed by Walmart leaves the retail one year after employment, hence explaining the above mentioned issues to being experienced in Walmart by the employees. Wage issue is a very big concern as many are employees are connected by the employer through the salary they receive from the work done. The main issues affecting Walmart is wages rates. When compared to other companies working as retail such as Shopko, Target and others their wage rate is very good and appealing when working with them unlike in Walmart where there is greater workforce but with less employee wage hence many workers are not able work for long. The working conditions in Walmart has also been described as an issue in human resource as , it has been described and reported that Walmart has very small physical stores but very large stores of goods being squeezed in those stores. The mixing of different products and commodities within the same store has made the working condition unconducive in such a manner that the space is small but a lot need to be done within the small space. Third issue is the violation of child labor whereby there has been cases of Walmart being sued for employing children’s who are under 18 to work in their retails. Globally in most countries one is considered mature and ready to work after an age of 18 years. Globally attempt to exploit the young children through employment at tender change is violation on children and this termed as child labor. Fourth issue brought about by Walmart is employing workers who are illegally not allowed to work in those departments in different retails national wide or globally. By illegal workers we mean those workers who doesn’t the specific skills to handle such outlets. This has been experienced in Walmart as many strives to make their end meets. Employing illegal workers put the lives of the customers or consumers of their goods, products or commodities at risk for the lack of knowledge might lead to misunderstanding between them and hence tarnishing the business name. Fifth issue is the opposition from the labor union. Walmart has been on the frontline to be criticised by Labor union in USA. The opposition from labor Union which is mostly due to results of Unsatisfied employees reporting them to the trade union for labor. Gender discrimination in Walmart is also another issue. This has led to day to day rebellion within its employees as women are paid less as their work entails much of sales associates. This highest level of discrimination has led to Walmart being one of the largest discriminatory retail in terms of gender. Last issue and not least is the health insurance issue. Insurance cover for the employee working with Walmart has been an issue for a very long time. Retail is not a secure job because sometimes the materials or products handled might be toxic, flammable, poisonous, fragile etc. and this might need some cover as it is a risk one is taking to be part of the organisation that provides this services. Walmart failure to cover some of its employees and many issue arising when need for cover arises has been termed as a major issue in human resource. The graft for clients appreciative is its solicitation to developing a strategy and implementing it. Once the client understands the process completely then the team that takes part in organizing the strategy will need to receive, then digesting it and then apply what they found in their analysis. Strategic planning context understanding through which a customer or client may think is through understanding the one way or of conducting the SWOT Analysis  (Goodstein, 1993). This is client or customer way of understanding, as this analysis will provide the uniqueness in viewing Walmart retail store through its Strengths, weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats – from mostly the client’s point of view. Maintaining and solidifying current customer value and developing tactics for meeting unanticipated emerging needs provides the basis for either developing or modifying an organization’s strategic plan. It is this application that makes the customer understanding The issues brought about above are clear and evident that there is necessity of undertaking severe action in order to improve the human resource strategy in the organisation. As it has been found that the organisation has faced law suit for its ill behaviour and treatment against the employees, it is highly recommended that the HR policies should be developed keeping the employee guidelines of salary and their welfare. The human resource strategy should also include the training of the workers in order to increase their efficiency at work  (Ravi.S.P, 2015) (Ravi, 2015). If there remains the opportunity, the management needs to consider the transfer of knowledge as well that would eventually help to improve the performance of the employees in the organisation. In addition to this, the company should also consider the importance of gender equality in the organisation that would help to overcome the blames that Wal-Mart is facing in the recent time. Walmart should address and adapt a corporate attitude that is friendly, because it has damaged its image because of its laborsuits towards their suppliers  (Walmart, 2016). Another recommendation that should be considered is participating in charitable events as this will show some kind and make the world to be better. Lastly just like any other organization no matter how small or big it may be either nationally or globally, safety and health of the employee should be given priority. The priority here should be updating their health and medical insurance cover at all times as they might have issues that may arise during working hours and this covers will be highly needed. The working conditions of the employees should be large such that the stores and office have enough room for movement within as this will reduce the congestion that has been experienced in the already existing stores of Walmart globally. Walmart should have initiated its business at a scale that is lower. This mistake led to the situation that it could not cope up with the benefits of economies of scale. Walmart by the name and looks have been seen as one of the best retailers in the world but in real sense it has led to many quitting jobs in other sectors so that they can be employed by them, to end up jobless as their needs and expectations are not met after being employed by them. In conclusion with regards to the issues studied and researched that seems to be experienced by Walmart human resource department, Walmart should take in to considerations of the above recommended solutions to issues brought about and this will eliminate most problems and make Walmart a better retail chain store. Jonathan. (2016). Government Laws affecting retails. Retrieved from small business: www.smallbusiness.chron.com/government-regulations-affect-marketing-retail LLP, T. R. (2013). Punitive Damage and When to Seek Them. JDSUPRA. Ravi.S.P. (2015). Technology Solutions for Sustainable Business Practices. Stakeholder perception in Walmart, 106-108. Shelly, B. (2014). Walmart notches against its rivals. wall street journal. Walmart. (2016). suppliers standards. Retrieved from walmart: https://corporate.walmart.com/global-response/ethical.htm Whaples.Robert. (2007). Modern Hr Economic issues. Walmart growth and Prodctivity. Gorze?-Mitka, I., & Okr?glicka, M. (2014). Improving Decision Making in Complexity Environment.  Procedia Economics And Finance,  16, 402-409.   https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(14)00819-3 Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., & Chung, C. (2016).  Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Kumar, N. P. (2014). Human resource management in future an obstacle of champion of globalization.  Human Resource Management,  1(1), 49-57. Anselmsson, J., Anselmsson, J., Bondesson, N., Bondesson, N., Melin, F., & Melin, F. (2016). Customer based brand equity and human resource management image: Do retail customers really care about HRM and the employer brand?  European Journal of Marketing,  50(7/8), 1185-1208.

Organizational Structure and Decision-Making Hierarchy Case Study - 17

Organizational Structure and Decision-Making Hierarchy - Case Study Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that a  formal structure would limit the abilities of employees to make immediate decisions. Apart from the owners, the two part-time employees also need to be in a position to make decisions as and when required. Since the business is consumer-oriented, delays may be having a negative impact on the company. Also, the two owners still do not have well-defined roles and responsibilities, hence it does not support a formal organizational structure. Therefore, it is best to have an informal organizational structure to start with.  Alex and Pat must adopt a vertical decision-making hierarchy in their coffee shop. The part-time employees will still have the ability to make immediate decisions at the basic level. The topmost authority with respect to strategy must be Alex because he spends more time in the shop. This means that he will have better knowledge about ground realities than Pat does and also will not have any extra responsibilities. Pat on the other hand also works at the advertising firm and has extra tasks and responsibilities to fulfill. Therefore, the two part-time employees will report to Alex. Even though Pat will play an equal role in strategy making the final say will remain with Alex as he is better equipped to make the decisions. This situation can remain until Pat is able to dedicate his full time to the coffee shop.

Introductory Microeconomics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introductory Microeconomics - Assignment Example c) The concern is that the observation of falling prices of shipping could instead be caused by increase in supply since number of operators has increased. This is shown in the diagram below. Since there has been an increase in supply of shipping services for each given price, this implies an outward shift of the supply curve. As a result the Price drops from P1 to P2. The concern is that this may have been the reason behind the observed drop in prices. Q2. a) No, this would not be enough information to identify that the reason for the observed movements were entirely due to demand side factors. The rise in oil prices could increase wine prices through supply side effects as well. For instance if the increase in oil prices leads to a significant increase in transport costs, then this rise will be reflected in wine prices as well. But this is a supply side effect. However, since the correlation was as strong as 90%, it should be suspected that there was both a demand rise as well as a decline in supply together to generate the effect. Particularly, it should be noted that a rise in the CPI implies a steady rise in the prices of inputs for production of wine as well. Thus, taking these factors in consideration, it is not possible to conclude that the observed correlation stems entirely from demand side factors. ... However, we could take more educated guesses given this set of information. For instance, if the observed transactions data showed that a negative relation ship between prices and quantities traded, it would be evident that the traced curve was a demand curve. Thus the changes that have caused the prices to fall were supply side effects. On the other hand if we observed a positive relationship, i.e., if we observe as prices rise, so do the traded amounts, the conclusion will be that it is the demand that is changing. But, it should be noted that such clean and precise one-to-one mappings are unlikely, and the only realistic conclusion can be that the observed changes reflect a combination of both demand and supply side factors. Q3.a) The situation may lead to a market crash since there is an excess supply of permits. This excess supply will lead to falling prices. And since demands are not rising for permits given the situation of the economy, if there is sufficiently high excess sup ply this will drive the market price down to very low levels and thus cause a market crash. Q3.b) The idea was to create high enough prices so that switching over to low carbon fuels. However, because of the low demands and excess supplies, market prices of permits have not risen to the degree that would make it profitable for producers to switch to low carbon fuels. As a result, the ETS has been unsuccessful in inducing firms to switch from using high-carbon to using low-carbon fuels. Q3.c) As shown in the diagram, assume that the government sets the reserve price at Pr. If the market operated freely, the equilibrium price would be Po and the equilibrium quantity would be Qo. By setting the reserve price at Pr, the

Chlamydia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chlamydia - Essay Example The main route of infection is vaginal, anal sexual contact and household contact. Children can become infected during passage through the birth canal of mother that carry Chlamydia (Redgrove & McLaughlin, 2014). Characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydia trachomatis is an aerobic, obligate, intracellular parasite of eukaryotic cells. It is a Gram-negative bacteria, which demonstrate a coccoid or rod shape. Not taking into account fact that Chlamydia trachomatis is classified as Gram-negative bacterium, it lacks a peptidoglycan cell wall. Chlamydia trachomatis cannot synthesize its own ATP that is why in order to remain viable this bacteria require growing cells. Without host cell, C. trachomatis will die in a short period of time (Byrne, 2003). As was mentioned above, Chlamydia trachomatis is the one of the most common sexually transmitted disease: for example, in USA more than 4 million cases are diagnosed each year; furthermore, Chlamydia trachomatis is the main reason of preventable blindness (caused by a chlamydial infection called trachoma) in the world. Chlamydia trachomatis also is one of the major causes of infertility in women and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) (Redgrove & McLaughlin, 2014). Genome of Chlamydia trachomatis consists of 1,042,519 nucleotide base pairs that coding approximately 894 proteins. Chlamydia trachomatis carry one extrachromosomal plasmid, which have a 7493-base pair sequence with 1% nucleotide sequence variation. This plasmid has eight open reading frames that codes proteins more than 100 amino acids long. C. trachomatis plasmid is a main target for DNA-based diagnosis of diseases because one chlamydial particle carry approximately 7-10 copies of highly conserved plasmids (Stephens et al., 1998). Chlamydia trachomatis has a tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolytic pathway. These metabolic pathways play a supporting role in chlamydial metabolism. Chlamydia

Organisational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organisational Behavior - Essay Example The second point of view of the organizational study is the macro study of the organization where the study is aimed at taking a general point of view of the whole organization. Macro point of view is also especially interested in how different organizations survive in changing conditions and how they learn to adapt to these changes, it focuses specially on the systems and people that help the company make a transition from this stage to the next one. Organizational studies can play a really important role in the development of an organization because it has all the ingredients that would give the employers the power to mould their workers in to a work force which is an ideal one for them and for this very reason it has been criticized by many because it is viewed as a tool by which employers control their workers in fact the case is totally different because organizational studies are designed to benefit the employees as well as the company that they work for. Organizational studies being a form of social science the over riding goal is to achieve a level where the employee can control the environment around him and should also be able to predict what is going to happen next due to the decisions being taken within the firm or the company. Since this paper aims to tackle both the macro and the micro side of the field of organizational study, macro should be dealt with first. Culture Culture is one of the most under rated portion of any company but the companies that have reached the top or those that are considered the most successful ones have never neglected this side of their corporate environment because it is in fact one of the most important things in the corporate sector. This is so because the culture defines how the employees of a firm behave and this behavior is what is important to the field of organizational behavior because people shape up an organization and their behavior shapes up the behavior or the direction of the company. The criteria for judging employees behavior or the culture of the organization is basically to check and see whether the policies that have been drafted are implemented or not and if they are with what regularity and what level of strictness is followed. The policies should be applicable to every one because if it does not then there would be clear cut discrimination and this would be the first fault line that would bring th e company down. The role of policies is to determine, to give direction to the employees of the company so that they may be able to ascertain certain things and these policies should be for every one, they should be implemented at all levels and no discrimination should be done on the basis of seniority, sex, cast or religion. This promotes healthy learning environments and people that are much friendlier and like each others company because they are being treated equally by the company and this promotes healthy working environment which is very important if a company or an organization has to grow and grow continuously and exponentially in every sense of the word growth. If such an environment is produced in the organization there would be automatic transfer of responsibility on every one to a certain degree, the role of the HR

Supply chain management at Toyota motors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Supply chain management at Toyota motors - Essay Example However, Toyota commenced its automobile manufacturing as early as 1934 functioning under Toyota Industries (Toyota, 1996). The first product of the company was Type A engines and Toyota AA passengers car which were manufactured in 1936. The company is celebrated as one of the world’s largest automakers mainly because of the company’s stupendous sales record over the last two decades. Toyota also ventures into the financial service provision, an exercise supervised by Toyota Financial Services. The company also produces robots. Alongside the father company (Toyota Industries), Toyota forms the majority shareholders in Toyota Group. Being the Leading shareholder in Daihatsu Motors, Toyota owns the operations of Lexus, Scion, and Toyota brands. The company is also the minority shareholder in Isuzu Motors, Fuji Heavy Industries, Hino Motors, Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation, and Yamaha Motors and craft manufacturers. In india, Toyota established a partnership agreement with Kirloskar Group to forming Toyota Kirloskar Motor Private Limited (TKM); a company formed with sole objectives of creating employment to the unemployed youths as well as serving the automobile industry. As at March 2012, Toyota had about 529 subsidiaries globally, and manufactured more than 11.5 million vehicles (Toyota, 1996). SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN TOYOTA            Toyota supply chain management is one of the elements of the operational strategy which is founded on Toyota Production System (TPS). The system was proposed by Taiichi Ohno and Shigeo Shingo in 1940’s as the company gained global success in the automotive industry. TPS was founded on the principle â€Å"lean manufacturing†. The two partners indentified the components of this tool as: mutual trust and understanding, interlocking structures, compatible capabilities, control systems, joint improvement activities, learning, and information sharing. As stated by Krajewski, Ritzman & Malhotra (200 9), â€Å"JIT system – a system that organizes the resources information flows and decision rules that enable a firm to realize the benefits of JIT principles† (Burnes & New, 1996). Total Quality Management, reduces waste, and inventory by involving suppliers in continuous improvement, planning process, focusing on co-operation and improving machinery. The capacity planning method adopted by Toyota was based on inventory elimination. To achieve a zero-inventory, the company heavily depended on pull systems. Toyota also pioneered an operational excellence commonly referred to as â€Å"Lean Concept†. This concept was adopted by a number of companies in the manufacturing sector. The philosophy of this principle (lean philosophy) aimed at eliminating all wastes, and prioritizes customer care (Burnes & New, 1997). Lean philosophy closed linked with the JIS inventory management system to add to the competitive edge of Toyota. Therefore, the production of new material was only possible when the existing stock of inventory is exhausted. Toyota operated under â€Å"non-value-adding waste in business and manufacturing† (Liker, 2004) which were overproduction, unnecessary transport/ conveyance, waiting, over-processing, unnecessary movement, excess inventory, unused employee creativity, and defects. The improvements in the supply chain management at Toyota are cited as the key element for the increased competitiveness of the company in the fierce motor market. Besides, the improvements made in the supply cha

Smmary 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Smmary 5 - Essay Example Researchers evaluated DNA methylation patterns of patients who were in various stages of lung adenocarcinoma. The study identified various significant DNA methylated genes of 72 in Stage I, 93 in Stage II, and 170 in Stage III. There were a set of 34 DNA methylated genes that were significant. The results showed a pattern of epigenetics throughout all stages and when analyzing the pathways, there was a correlation of the signaling and metabolic pathways of lung adenocarcinoma and epigenetics. Within this study, it was concluded that through the integration of epigenetic information of genes can be used to understand diseases and also to identify them. This could mean that the progression of cancer is also associated with genetic mutations. Epigenetic genes could play a major role in how cancer develops and the spread of it. This article discusses epigenetics and it relates closely to the article â€Å"Conserved Epigenomic Signals in Mice and Humans Reveal Immune Basis of Alzheimer’s Disease† (2015). Though the disease is different, it still shows that there is a correlation between epigenetics and possible diseases for which genes are already coded to cause these diseases. Also in this article, while research was conducted on mice, transcription and epigenetic changes were recorded while the animal was in different stages of the disease. The information that was presented fits with some of the information from prior readings because there seems to be an evident mutation that is functional within the genes which allows for researchers to predetermine whether or not a human’s DNA might be coded to have these diseases. It is fascinating to learn more about how it is possible that finding these mutated genes could possibly lead to the treatment of these various diseases in the future. It also makes one curious if all human cells are already coded through mutations and variations to see if someone is predisposed to also having certain

Crtical response to Duane's Caught Inside Essay

Crtical response to Duane's Caught Inside - Essay Example In this way, bits and pieces of the aforementioned points are revealed in an almost imperceptible way so that the reader gains a more full and complete understanding of the lifestyle and world-view of the individuals involved in the actions of this book. As a means of understanding this unique approach, this author will focus upon Chapter 13 of Duane’s book and enumerate on some of the pertinent themes, sub-themes, and topics that are discussed as a means to outline and understand the level of approach and detail that the author gives to the reader. The material within this particular chapter is organized and presented by means of a journey. As the story teller meets with a friend and ventures to the house of a third party, a general discussion on the life of a surfer, what is important, what matters, traveling, relationships, danger, and the ever present worries over where the funding for the next adventure will come from are all discussed. In this way, the storyteller finds himself perennially comparing his own financial and personal situation to that of those that the story introduces. This is carried out by means of actual physical comparisons to the type and quality of the vehicles that are driven, and the niceties that present themselves within the house of the individual who is being visited. However, all of this description, discussion, and analysis serves as but a type of lead up to the action that is going to take place as the three men join together and embark on a rapid trip to the ocean side to engage in an afternoon full of surfing. The almost religious overtones, the writer describes the awe inspiring spiritual elements that surfing provides to the practitioner (Lanagan 283). Whereas doing this without the background story would not engage the reader and would prove to be nothing more than a very long winded soliloquy of the benefits of a particular type of lifestyle, by interweaving the information regarding this type of lifestyle and rel ying on other means of conveyance (rather than the speaker himself), the author is able to present a clear and well explicated set of reasons for why the particular lifestyle advocated and described is perhaps far superior to almost any other model that is currently in existence. Although this particular life is not for everyone, as the author notes, the benefits that it offers those who engage with it can never truly be understood or explained. Using the wife of the gentleman that is visited as an example, the author works to show the means by which even those that do not understand the lifestyle can at least appreciate the significance that it engenders within the lives of those that they love and respect. The approach that the author takes towards revealing the subject matter and discussing it within this particular chapter is necessarily experiential. Although no model of research can attempt to capture the attention of an individual in the same way that a firsthand account of a dventure and excitement can, the author works to bring out the experiential factors that have encouraged countless others in the past to pursue their dreams at the expense of some semblance of

The Madding crowd Essay Example for Free

The Madding crowd Essay Although he appears reserved, Bathshebas maid Liddy warns her mistress that the insincere Valentine will worry him to death. Perhaps this is because it is common knowledge that a distant relative of Boldwoods went mad and subsequently Boldwood cannot take things lightly. Boldwood has no real passionate feelings for Bathsheba before she sends him the Valentine, but when he receives the declaration of Bathshebas love, it sparks off the beginning of an intense obsession. Boldwood struggles to cope with the extreme emotions that sweep over him; his sheltered childhood in a society where different sexes were kept apart, means he is completely unprepared to deal with his obsession logically. He describes his feelings towards Bathsheba as being as strong as death. He neglects his farm, which had once been his priority and does not appear to be affected by the money he is loosing and the staff he will have to dismiss. Boldwood sees Troys death as an opportunity to have Bathsheba for himself. He plays on her guilt by reminding her of how she had led him on, and pressures her into promising to marry him six years after Troys death. When Troy reappears to everyones astonishment, Boldwood cannot handle the shock and is dismayed at the thought of loosing Bathsheba once more. Acting out of desperation, Boldwood kills Troy and attempts suicide. He is sentenced to life imprisonment and left unbalanced, in despair and completely dysfunctional. Although his obsession drove him to kill another man, Boldwood is the victim who suffers the most from an obsession that has ruined his life. Comparable to Bathsheba, Sergeant Francis Troys main obsession is with himself. His callus and egotistical nature make him constantly determined to get his own way. Yet he is often not content when he gets what he is after and it seldom takes him long to set his mind towards striving for something else. However, this can sometimes lead to the beginning of another obsession. His pride causes him to overreact when Fanny confuses the church where the couple are supposed to be married. This is purely because of the humiliation she has caused him. Whereas most people would forgive someone easily for such an innocent mistake, Troy is so offended and shamed that he cannot bear to risk his reputation once more, even if it is for someone he loves. He turns his attention to Bathsheba as he thinks it is unlikely she will publicly humiliate him. The full extent of his shallow nature is revealed when Troy is married to Bathsheba but treats some of his servants with more respect than her. He abandons Bathsheba under the false pretence of drowning without taking her feelings into consideration and then returns to the farm oblivious of the pain he has caused. If he had not left Bathsheba for so long and been so untruthful towards her, it is unlikely Boldwood would have reacted in the way he did and Troy would probably have survived. Fanny Robin is a relatively minor character in the novel, however she is involved in a complex subplot involving Troy. She was deeply in love with him to the point of obsession. In spite of the mistake she made in confusing the church where she and Troy were due to be wed, Fanny was determined to be with Troy. She arranged to meet him once more in a place of his choice, far away and difficult for Fanny to reach. She attempted the lengthy journey on foot but eventually her steps became feebler and it was clearly impossible for her to reach her goal. Her resolution to be with Troy was indubitably strong but the exhaustion and fatigue she felt was ultimately stronger. Willing and ready to be with Troy even if it killed her, a few of Fannys last words were, If I could only get there! Perhaps I shall be in my grave before then. Tragically, the next time Troy set eyes on Fanny she was, indeed, in her coffin. Therefore it is fair to say that obsession killed Fanny Robin. An obsession can take over a persons every waking thought; it can drive them and people around them to despair and can even cause them to kill another or themselves by simply trying to fulfil that obsession. These things happened in varying degrees of seriousness to every character in Far From the Madding Crowd which therefore suggests obsession is a key feature of the Novel. The variety of obsessions in the novel highlights the many different forms in which people can be obsessed.

Confucianism Verses Taoism Concept Essay Example for Free

Confucianism Verses Taoism Concept Essay Confucianism focuses on virtue ethics as a means to an ordered and thriving, society. On the contrary, Taoism centers on the individual life in relation to the Tao, or â€Å"way to heaven†. Both views acknowledge a Tao; however, they take different views on religion, politics, and on individual responsibilities. With this in mind, we will discuss both religions and trace their similarities to a common culture perspective, particularly the Superior Man. The ideal Confucian is a â€Å"jun-zi† or â€Å"superior man†. In order to become a â€Å"jun-zi†, one must follow Li or engage in proper moral conduct to in conformity to the example of the perfect the Tao in â€Å"his† person (Dagnabitt). Li is outlined in the book of Ru thought to be written by Confucius and is used as a reference for the cultural roles an individual should take. The Confucian Superior Man is virtuous in action as well as attitude. In addition, society becomes aligned with the Tao when they become an institution of â€Å"fathers acting like fathers and emperors acting like emperors† (Dagnabitt). Consequently, tradition dictates when institutions come to be valued and the good of such institutions are considered the greatest extent of one’s human ability. We could say that Confucian attempts to view their world under a microscope, by trying to understand their past problems and follow up by worshipping their past. It is almost as if the duty of man is to discover laws and then hold them constant. The end of such a process would be considered a grasp of the Tao and its expressions. The Confucian political view is that the ruler should lead by example and according to the same virtues and rules. The Confucian attitude toward politics is that it is the foundation to a good system of family and helps cultivate the virtues of ones-self. Confucian theory believes that people will see the good and follow. In addition, they seek instruction from a master and treat each other with respect, and reverence while serving their duty faithfully.

Non-visual Motion Tracking

Non-visual Motion Tracking Additionally, (Taylor et al. 2010) demonstrated that the OSSCA method, which employs a combined use of OCST, SCoRE, and SARA techniques to process marker data and allows the estimation of joint parameters from kinematic data alone, without the necessity to use generic anatomical relationship assumptions, returns more reliable, repeatable and reproducible results than a standard generic regression approach. Although the accuracy of the data acquired by means of optical motion capture systems is very high in the controlled environment of the lab, the ambulatory use of this type of equipment is cumbersome and presents significant limitations which can not only compromise the precision of the acquired data, e.g. dependency on line-of-sight, limited range and latency of data (Schepers et al. 2010), but also the practicability of the acquisition itself, e.g. necessity of power source, set-up time, outdoor calibration of the system. Non-visual motion tracking Non-visual motion tracking is a sensor based technique, which can be carried out, amongst others, with acoustic, magnetic, or inertial sensors, or with a combination of these methods. Ultrasound based acoustic systems, e.g. the Bat system (Ward et al. 1997), Vallidis (Hazas and Ward 2002), the Cricket location system (Priyantha et al. 2000) and WearTrack (Foxlin and Harrington 2000), are capable of tracking the locations of pulse emitting beckons by using the time-of-flight information of audio signals. This type of motion tracking system is wireless, however, as with visual motion tracking, occlusion of the signal emitter poses a significant limitation. In contrast, magnetic systems, e.g. MotionStar ® (Ascension Technology), are capable of estimating their position and orientation within the global coordinate system, by using information from the local magnetic environment, and are, therefore, not constricted by line-of-sight. However, these systems are very sensitive to ferromagnetic interferences. Inertial motion capture systems, e.g. Moven (Xsens Technologies) and Alert (Verhaert), employ the use of accelerometer and gyroscopes to measure inclination angles. These systems are highly accurate, however, sensitive to vibration and subject to integration drift over time. In fact, throughout the past decade, the use of inertial sensors has gained increased popularity within researchers (Foxlin 1996; Roetenberg et al. 2007a; Roetenberg et al. 2005; Roetenberg et al. 2009; Roetenberg et al. 2003; Roetenberg et al. 2007b; Roetenberg and Veltink 2005), as well as general population. Many people schedule their daily activity based on the data presented by certain applications on their smartphones (e.g. Health app, Argus, MyFitnessPal), their smartwatches (e.g. Sony, LG, AppleWatch, Fitbit Surge) or pedometers and wristbands (e.g. Fitbit Flex, Garmin vivofit, Polar Loop, Jawbone). However, in the field of research, there is a need for more complex systems, which can provide more comprehensive information, of a larger variety. For this purpose, hybrid systems, combine the use of different techniques to compensate for the shortcomings of individual systems. Such hybrid systems are represented by acoustic-inertial systems (Vlasic et al. 2007; Ward et al. 2005), e.g. Constellationà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ (Foxlin et al. 1998), optical-inertial systems, e.g. Hy-Birdà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ (Ascension Technology) and inertial-magnetic systems, e.g. MERG sensors (Bachmann 2000), MTw development kit (Xsens Technologies), MVN Biomech and MVN Awinda (Xsens Technologies). Combined inertial and magnetic sensing is currently one of the more popular choices in this area of study and will be discussed at length in the following paragraphs. The light weight, wireless and cheap, inertial sensors equipped with accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers enable, when positioned on the human body, the computation of angular orientation of the anatomical segments to which they are attached to (Bellusci et al. 2013; Roetenberg et al. 2003). The on-board gyroscopes measure angular velocity, based on the principle of angular momentum, according to the following fundamental equation: (1) Where: à Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ torque on the gyroscope; L angular momentum; I moment of inertia; à Ã¢â‚¬ ° angular velocity; ÃŽÂ ± angular acceleration. The most commonly used gyroscopes for human motion studies are piezo-electric, capable of detecting vibration of mass. When an object vibrates while rotating, it is subject to the Coriolis Effect. This causes a second vibration to occur orthogonally to the initial vibration direction. The rate of turn can be calculated from this latter vibration. According to the following equations: (2) Where: m mass; à ¡Ã‚ ´Ã‚   momentary speed of the mass with reference to the moving object to which it is attached. The resulting gyroscope signals are then defined as being the sum of angular velocity à Ã¢â‚¬ °t, offset due to temperature of gyroscope bt, and white noise à ¡Ã‚ ´Ã‚  G,t (Eq. 3). (3) The gyroscope output is very accurate, however, it is subject to errors and drift caused by integration of the signal over time, and the gyroscope temperature which can produce small offset errors, leading to large integration errors when calculating orientation. The use of compensatory estimation algorithms, such as Kalman filters can reduce the inherent errors in the gyroscope output signal (Roetenberg et al. 2003). Kalman filters are mathematical algorithms used to efficiently minimize the mean of the squared error of a system output (Welch and Bishop 1995). Kalman filters are particularly useful for combining parameters of different measurement systems so that the advantages of one compensates for the weakness of the other, e.g. accelerometers are often used in conjunction with gyroscopes, in order to compensate for inclination drifts in the gyroscope signal. The accelerometers measure the gravitational acceleration g and the vector sum of acceleration a. The output accelerometer signals are defined as the sum of acceleration at, gravity gt and white noise à ¡Ã‚ ´Ã‚  A,t. (4) The inclination information provided by gt can be used to correct the orientation drifts of the gyroscope (Roetenberg et al. 2003). A further common example of Kalman filtering, is using magnetometer readings to correct for the gyroscopes vertical axis drifts (Roetenberg et al. 2003). Magnetometers have the ability to detect local magnetic north and adjust heading direction. The principles by which the magnetometers work are described by following equation: (5) Where: ym,t magnetic signals; mt earth magnetic field vector; dt disturbance vector; vm,t -white noise. In real life measuring conditions the distribution of the magnetic field is often more complex and other parameters, such as changes in magnetic flux and the magnetic inclination angle, which can affect the magnitude of the magnetic disturbance, should be taken in consideration. The major limitations of using inertial and magnetic sensing for motion tracking are represented by the following factors: Ferromagnetic interferences can distort the local magnetic field and affect the measurements for the orientation about the vertical axis (Roetenberg et al. 2003). The velocity and type of movement performed and the geometry of the body segment to which the sensor is applied can affect the accuracy of the measurements (Roetenberg et al. 2005); Distances between body segments cannot be assessed by means of numerical integration (Roetenberg and Veltink 2005); Previous studies in which this type of equipment was used report a high accuracy of the output data (Cutti et al. 2010; Ferrari et al. 2010a; Seel et al. 2014), however, the limitations in using this motion capture system are far from being overcome. The most important and challenging aspect of the study is to use the acquired information in a biomechanically meaningful manner, e.g. the parameters declared as joint angles, need to be as anatomically accurate as possible, for this purpose assuming the joint angles can be calculated as the angles of movement between two anatomical segments is not enough, a more complex mathematical model needs to be developed in order to address the biomechanical characteristics of the studied joint. There are a variety of protocols and algorithms available for post processing of sensor data stemming from human motion studies. A common approach for solving a human kinematics problem is to compare the human body to a robot manipulator. Similarly to a robot manipulator, which forms a kinematic chain from links interconnected by joints, the human body can be considered a kinematic chain formed of anatomical segments connected by articulations. In theory, this is a very efficient manner to solve a biomechanical problem. Cutti et al., for example, use the Danavit-Hartenberg convention of robotics in their Outwalk protocol, which states that a kinematic chain with n joints will have n+1 links (Fig 2.4). To solve the kinematics, a coordinate system is rigidly attached to each link. In this case, when joint is actuated, the adjacent and its attached coordinate frame perform a motion. Whichever motion is performed by the kinematic chain, the coordinates of each point on are constant when expressed in the coordinate frame (Zatsiorsky 1998). The Danavit-Hartenberg convention has two conditions which need to be satisfied in order for the kinematic solution to be effective. The variables of a joint (e.g. rotation angles) are defined by the two coordinate systems of the links adjacent to the joint. So, for example, the coordinates of the frame are expressed in the frame. Firstly, the orthonormality of the frames needs to be established, meaning needs to be perpendicular to . Secondly, the projection of in the frame ought to intersect . Comparing the human body to a robotics model is a good starting point. However, using the, frequently associated, strap-down integration method when measuring human kinematics with sensing units poses a very important limitation (Seel et al. 2014). The strap-down-integration method is based on using sensing units securely fixed to the even surfaces of robotic elements. However, there is a significant difference between a robotic setup and an anatomical system. Firstly, aligning the sensor to an anatomical location, such that one axes of the sensor coordinate system coincides exactly with an axis of the anatomical joint, is nearly impossible (Seel et al. 2014). This issue has been addressed in different manners by researchers so far. In the Outwalk protocol, Cutti and Ferrari et al. define as many coordinate frames for each link as the joints they form. Each anatomical segment has, therefore, a distal and a proximal coordinate frame. The joint variables are defined by the distal coordinate frame of one segment and the proximal coordinate frame of its adjacent segment. Another issue that needs to be addressed, when discussing a human biomechanical model, is an almost certain misalignment of the thigh axis with the segments coordinate system. Some studies completely ignore the misalignment between the anatomical and the sensor axes (Seel et al. 2014). In the Outwalk protocol this problem is solved by expressing the flexion-extension axis of the knee in the coordinate system of the distal femur and defining the other revolution axes of the coordinate frame as being orthogonal with respect to the new axis. This is another promising approach, however, in order for this method to be effective, the knee flexion-extension axis needs to be accurately identified. In the case of hinge joints, such as the simplified model of a knee joint, it is possible to calculate data from inertial sensors attached to both ends of the joint. However, this resulting data still needs to be translated into joint related coordinate systems and although, it is impossible to determine the initial position of the sensors on the anatomical segment, there is a possibility to determine the direction of the joint axes, by using different approaches to identify a functional movement axis from a set of dynamic motion data (Cutti et al. 2010; Ferrari et al. 2010a; Seel et al. 2014). In their protocol Cutti and Ferrari et al. use Woltrings mathematical solution for determining the finite helical axis (reviewed in (Zatsiorsky 1998)) to identify the knee flexion-extension axis. Woltrings solution appears to be fitting at least for most motion capture systems (Seel et al. 2014). However, the sensing units used in our study cannot measure translation. This would pose a big problem and could potentially result in substantial errors. In order for the outcome of the study to be successful, it needs to satisfy a set of conditions: (1) it is very important that the resulting post-processed sensor data is biomechanically meaningful to the musculoskeletal system; (2) data acquisition needs to be user friendly, rapid and easy to complete; (2) sensor mounting is not allowed to restrict the participants movement in any manner; (3) the resulting data needs to relate to true anatomical joint angles; and (4) the resulting information needs to be comparable to the reference system (Vicon). Seel et al. offer a solution based on rotational angle estimates alone, which is not only more simple from a data acquisition and processing point of view, but also functions on principles similar to SARA and SCoRE. In the protocol proposed by Seel et al. the knee is assumed to be a simple hinge, with one sensor attached to each segment forming the joint. In order to compensate for the lack of information concerning the initial position of the sensors on the anatomical segments, the unit length direction vectors and the orientations of the two segments attached to the hinge joint (Fig 2.6) are estimated as described below. The Seel et al. solution only employs the use of what is considered to be raw accelerometer and gyroscope output data from the two sensors, the thigh sensor and the shank sensor. In reality, any output data produced by the Xsens sensors, used in Seel et al.s study and the current study, is pre-processed in real-time by the on-board Kalman filter. For the purpose of the summary of the following protocol, all data indexed with 1 refers to thigh sensor data and data derived there from, and all data indexed with 2 refers to shank data and data derived there from. Firstly, the unit length direction vectors of the flexion-extension axis of the knee , are identified in the local coordinates of the sensors, by using an optimisation algorithm to compute the values of . Where the spherical coordinates for are: (6) (7) With the following sum of squared errors: ; (8) A search function is then used to find which satisfy the following condition: (9) Where: angular rates recorded by the thigh and shank sensor, respectively, with the sample period: constant; Euclidean norm. The acceleration measured by each sensor is the sum of the acceleration due to movement around the joint centre and the acceleration due to the rotation of the sensor around the joint centre. In order to estimate the knee joint position expressed in the local coordinate systems of the sensors, the amounts by which are shifted in order to obtain the acceleration of the joint centre, are estimated first. Two arbitrary points along the axes are estimated using a Gauss-Newton optimization algorithm. These points are shifted as close as possible to the sensor origin by applying: (10) (11) The radial and tangential acceleration due to the rotation of the sensor around the joint centre is computed: ; i=1,2 (12) Where: are time derivatives for angular rate and (13) The following sum of squared errors is calculated: ; (14) A search function is used to find which satisfy the following constrain: (15) The knee flexion/extension angle based on the gyroscope information is calculated with the following equation: (16) The measured accelerations are shifted onto the joint axes by applying the following: (17) (18) Where, represent the same quantity in the two different local coordinate systems, which rotate with respect to each other around the flexion axis. The flexion/extension angle calculated according to acceleration data can be defined as the angle between the projections of . (19) Where, and are pairs of joint plane axes, defined by: ; The knee flexion/extension angle defined by fusing the accelerometer and gyro data is defined by: (20) Where: knee flexion extension angle calculated according to accelerometer data at time t; knee flexion extension angle calculated according to gyroscope data at time t; the weight of the accelerometer data. By using the most effective methods presented in the literature review, the current study will attempt to validate the inertial sensor protocol proposed by Seel et. al 2014 against a OSSCA method and to compare laboratory and non-laboratory based inertial motion capture.

Edgar Allen Poe :: essays research papers

EDGAR ALLEN POE BIOGRAPHY Edgar Allen Poe was born in 1809 in Boston. His stories were about love and sadness. He died when he was 40 years old in 1849. People said that they found him unconscious and believed him drunk. He was an excellent writer that kept people fascinated with stories. He died as he lived all his life was miserable and with out hope. It believed that he uses a drug named opium that helped him use his imagination and he uses alcohol. Those were his inspirations and his story's that were so fabulous come from there. These things were making him crazy and took him out of control. A thing that made him even more crazy is that everyone he had ever met or loved always semmed to have died from a disease called tuberculosis. This made him very depressive also. He was born to very poor family. His father was an actor that barley buy meat to eat. He was a little boy when his father abandoned him and their brothers. After that his mother got sick and few months later she died. He went to live with wealthy rich people but his father didn't want to adopt him. His father was a businessman and decided to move to England there he went to school to Manner House School. In 1820 he returned to Virginia but he couldn't afford it and decide left school. He fall in love with a neighbor her name was Elmira, but her father didn't want to accept their relationship. His stepfather criticized him about his story saying that they were workless and he decided to leave his house. He went to a military service but he realized that he like more poems than to be in the military service. He often wrote letters to Elmira unknowing that her father received the letters. She married a rich man and become a rich woman. He became heart broken and he began to write love poems. He was living with his real father, sister, muddy and her daughter. After that he married muddy's daughter at the age of 27 she was 13 years old. She became sick of tuberculosis and died at the age of 24. He didn't know how to support the family because the poems didn't give him enough money.

Comparison of Shall I Compare Thee? and My Mistress Eyes are Essay

1 Shall compare thee to a summer's day? ======================================= Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of maie, And summers lease hath all to short a date: 5 Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines, ============================================= And often is his gold complexion dim'd, --------------------------------------- And every faire from faire sometime declines, --------------------------------------------- By chance, or natures changing course untrim'd: ----------------------------------------------- But thy eternal summer shall not fade, -------------------------------------- 10 Nor loose possession of that faire thou ow'st, Nor shall death brag thou wandr'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st, So long as men can breath or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee. In this sonnet, Shakespeare is creating a mental picture of spring and summer to compare against his loved one. He uses the fact that fine and beautiful days are the creation of nature, and nature is constantly changing all the time. Fine days never stay the same: 'rough winds' or the sun obscured by clouds, 'and often is his gold complexion dim'd', can easily mar a fine day. He talks about these negative factors of change in the first eight lines, and Shakespeare then uses these ideas to claim that his loved one will always remain untarnished, speaking of how 'thy eternal summer shall not fade' and how his loved one has lasting qualities that will outshine death: 'Nor shall death brag thou wandr'st in his shade' These thoughts come to a confident, final... ... Compared to the first few lines in the second sonnet: "My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun coral is far more red than her lips red" And this shocking feeling of offense and harshness continues through to line twelve in the second sonnet. However, there are some dark points in the first sonnet as well, as death is mentioned in line eleven "Nor shall death brag thou wandr'st in his shade" And "rough winds" in line three. However, how harsh and sincere these sonnets may be, both have the conclusions with the similar idea that Shakespeare loves his woman so much that he doesn't need to give her false comparisons to do with beautiful items or beautiful things that don't last forever - his love lasts for eternity in the sonnet: "So long as men can breath, and eyes can see So long lives this, and this gives life to thee."

Life and Death in Frosts Stopping by Woods and Thomas Do Not Go Gentl

Life and Death in Frost's Stopping by Woods and Thomas' Do Not Go Gentle  Ã‚   Robert Frost's "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" and Dylan Thomas' "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night" reflect deeply on both life and death. Frost interprets death as rest and peace from a hard and deserving life, whereas Thomas depicts death as an early end to an unfulfilled life. Contrary to Thomas's four characters who rage against death because of its premature arrival, Frost's speaker accepts death but is inclined to live for promises; therefore both Frost and Thomas choose life over death, but for conflicting reasons. Robert Frost's deeply-rooted beliefs in nature influence him to view death positively. Through enticing images of solitude and relaxation and peaceful diction, Frost explains why nature and death coincide. Frost makes "mysteries, such as death, resolve into the natural" and suddenly the "mysterious becomes simple" (Nicholl 194). His choice to use "darkest evening of the year" helps to set the mystery surrounding death, but the simplicity of the character and the scenery bring death closer to nature; "suddenly the absolute is brought near, and made almost visible" (Nicholl 194). The individual man encountering woods that are "lovely, dark, and deep" create a contradiction of feelings that intertwine the mystery and simplicity of death. The "dark" and "deep" foreshadow the fears and enigmas of dying. The "lovely" negates the anxiety and demonstrates the excitement and desire to die. Though death seems scary and unknown, it is also wonderful and peaceful to the central character. The tr aveler appears desiring a rest and death is an enchanting choice. With pleasant images as "easy wind and downy flake," the man becomes a... ...ngness" (Roberts 378). Frost?s traveler is faced with a choice of life or death and chooses life not to attain grandeur but to keep promises. Thomas?s four kinds of men maintain the right to fight against death for life, but only because life is too short and greatness is yet to be achieved. Frost induces that death should be embraced because it is synonymous with sleep, whereas Thomas concludes that death should be contested due to its hindrance of achievements, but similarly both Frost and Thomas choose the alternative of life to that of death. Works Cited: Frost, Robert. "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening." The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Julia Reidhead. 5th ed. 2 vols. New York: Norton, 1998. Thomas, Dylan. ?Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night.? Sound and Sense. Eighth edition. Ed. Laurence Perrine. Orlando: Harcourt Brace, 1992.

Leading By Example

How we relate to others is as varying as the stars In our solar system. For some, political leaders like Bark Obama and Sarah Plain display specific attributes on a dally basis. These characteristics are recognized globally as pillars of change and structure in today's American society. Although not every decision these persons in power choose is supported by â€Å"the people†, it is easy to question where their particular morals come from. Reflecting on my own personal exposure to literature such as â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee, I imagine examples such as TacticsFinch stood as a concrete Image for current world leaders to model their behaviors after. Like Tactics, today's leaders face challenges maintaining personal Integrity, human decency toward others, courage, and respect both by and for one another. Those who have read the book may easily agree to the belief that Tactics truly was a great leader by utilizing these concepts in his daily life. His abil ity to connect to others on even the most challenging of levels shows the true courage needed to lead a community which is not truly united.It was during the cultural mixing of the sass's hat Lee's â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† shows the first acknowledgement of change for the country leadership. Although the character of Tactics exists wealth the pages of Lee's creation, leaders like Tactics stand out as influential members of society, both in personal and civic relationships. While discussing the famous trial case of Tom Robinson Tactics explains to his daughter Scout the importance of valuing others' opinions when they don't align with your own.He says, â€Å"They're certainly entitled to think that, and they're entitled to full respect of their opinions. But before I can live tit other folks Eve got to live with myself. The one thing that doesn't abide by majority rule Is a person's conscience. † In attempts to also bring peace to an escalated situation President Ob ama shared words encouraging mutual respect. William Scott Harrow details the address given by Bark Obama focusing on Iran's policy on mutual respect matters. â€Å"To denounce or shrug Off call for cooperation is an easy but also a cowardly thing to do.That's how wars begin. That's where human progress ends†¦ A sustained effort†¦ We need to find common ground, to focus on the true we seek for our children, and to respect the dignity of all human beings. † As I listen to friends share memories of ‘To Kill a Mockingbird†, a common word has been repeated by each of them, courage. Their eyes lit up with appreciation, thinking about the numerous times where Tactics demonstrated courage. Whether he was essentially forced to shoot a senile pet or fending off a crowd of angry townsmen he maintained a state of focus.It was during these times Tactics shared with his son the importance of taking a stand and having courage to lead others, even when they don't all a gree with you. He says totes, â€Å"A mob's always made up of people, no matter what. Mr.. Cunningham was part of a mob last night, but he was still a man. † Instead of being angry with the dangerous group Tactics embraced compassion and faith, not fear. Keeping in mind that our economy harbors countless ideals of morality and human decency, I am reminded off quote Sarah Plain expressed during an Interview. â€Å"Faith that every baby Is created for a good purpose†¦ Plain was agree with the belief that all existing humanity deserves an enriched life, but the agree to how this point of view is mandated oftentimes sits uneasy with the majority of communities. Nonetheless Plain leads other groups in harmony, sharing one direction. Tactics Finch, during his time, was not among the many. His view of public decency was held higher than the general person. This did not allow him, however, to lessen his sense of retribution. He so greatly believed the actions taken for one man resulted in the good for humanity. This is why so many did have respect for him.Without negating the position of others Tactics respectfully managed a mom absent of a mother for his two children. Surrounded by women with means to raise Gem and Scout, Finch chose to take an active role as a mentor and father. This compassion earned the greatest respect of all, from Scout. And as any true leader does, succession brings action. â€Å"So I took an eight-year old child to bring ‘me to their senses, didn't it? That proves something-that a gang of wild animals can be stopped, simply because they're still human. Humph, maybe we need a police force of children†¦ Oh children last night made Walter Cunningham stand in my shoes for a minute. That was enough. † Acknowledging growth fosters the greatest forms of leadership. This story shows true life examples of how today we have the opportunity to create value from pain and injustice. Scout's connection to reality through her r elationships help demonstrate the effectiveness of Finch's role as a leader. Harper Lee described Scout's experience through the sight of a child, although speaking with an educated dialect. The example led by Tactics Finch trickled down on a daily basis.

If God is good why is there evil in the world? Essay

Introduction The line of grievous is as ancient as humilitary personnelity itself. Since the dawn of public, thinkers, philosophers, religionists and overmuch twain service populace being who keep suffered at the runs of offense have pondered this enigma, either as a logical-intellectual-philosophical or emotional-religious-existential job. The preponderance of atrocious as a mercifuls in hu musical composition hu creation race, and universes fascination with it is e trulywhere evident. Open a new-fangledspaper, switched on the television, look almost the office, school, family and pr bitic on the safe and soundy either social environment and context, and the depressive dis recount of immorality is as it were, omni afford. offense, whether physical as in natural possibilitys and calamities, or moral, as in lying, cheating, unrighteousness, harming a nonher(prenominal)s, killing, murders and insubordination in planetary have been woven into the very fab ric of hu hu cosmosness temper and groundly concern. The concreteity of shabbiness is brought home to hu humankind populace in that it causes human suffering. So much so that cruel and its lay out has compose a non bad(p) preoccupation and fascination among men. genius does non have to go distant to exerciseualise the hardlyness of this renderment.Imagine if you exit a story, a movie, a romance or great literatures of the earth with reveal whatever mention of fell and its accomp only ifing meaninghuman suffering. Such a reverse if it existed at solely would non do well commerci entirelyy. It would univers on the wholey be judged mo nononous, prosaic and boring. In fact it is no imitation to say that the design and cleverness toward which nuisance and its galore(postnominal) faces is painted (and fewtimes oer love) in drop at rest(predicate)s of literature set its magnet index in the eyeb totally in all of readers by the ages until the ki ck in day.The enigma of vileness has preoccupied n angioten hell on earth converting enzyme of its luster to the present generation. If anything its curving tentacles have penetrated an ever puppyisher population. rent a cursory survey of titles for young adults in any bookstore go up you. The panorama of subjects on crimes, killings, murders, vampires, demons, croaken angels, malevolent animation sentences, ghouls, witchcraft, and sorcery tells of a whole new generation that is being exposed to the supposition of wickedness as something of a trinket on a massive and r ar scale.The disguise of venomous upon our young as orchestrates of entertainment whitethorn engender a familiarity that breeds contempt. And so by and large if we atomic number 18 non watchful, the corruption that is shabbiness may no longer be so malevolent, at least in recognition and appearance to a new generation. atrocious is a riddle plot of land messiahians bonnieifiedly sorrow and sympathize with the suffering that dark ferments, it should a uniform come as no astonishment that the work of dark has and depart escalate in the last days. deviation from natural disasters and calamities, mans heinousness to man is writ large on the face of history.The last century stainlessly has seen untold sufferings and unaccountable lives lost to cardinal great wars. This century itself, opens with a manmade disaster that staggers the imaginationthe destruction of the pair Towers done acts of terrorism. The vivid projectry of the implosion of twain Towers, and the senseless cobblers last of thousands of innocents on a lower floormentioned the language of the d unrighteous hijacked passenger planes ar ever more edged in the instincts of the knowledge do important as 9/11, a moveer of the malevolence of mephistophelian in a well-nigh graphic form. Indeed in break-dance-and- allot there is a closed book story that is crimethe closed book of l awlessness.As portrayed in Thessalonians, this brain-teaser is already operating in nation and human society to bring ab come forward a betokenly say situation for the ultimate exposure of atrocious in the last days previous to, and heralding the Lords plump for culmination (2 Thess. 22-4, 6-7, 8a). These passages clearly depict the present state of the mankind with its confused manifestations of lawlessness, unfairness and sufferings as the result of the operation of a closed book, the enigma of grievous and lawlessness that is til now now operating everywhere, culminating in the innovation of wickedness incarnatea man of lawlessness, the son of perdition.The teleology of evil is in the long run corporal in a person, the person of the adversary of idol. Let it not be forgotten thusly at the push finished with(predicate) and by and by means of with(predicate)set of our backchat on gross(a)ion and evil, that the rampant lawlessness and many faces of evil that we see rough us is not just the mere issue of mans doings. It is fit in to ideal capital of Minnesota, none early(a) than the Tempters operation (v. 9a) in all power and signs and wonders of a lie, and in all deceit of unrighteousness (vv. 9b, 10). The modern font mind with its scientific enlightenment, and anti-supernatural outlook, easily askew the avatar of evil. plainly the clear testimony of give-and-take is that evil is not just a thing, a mere act of wrongdoing or transgression. It is all that to be sure, solely flush more so, the authorized nature of evil is that it is personified in recordthe evil one (Matt. 1319, 38 Mk. 939 Jn. 1715 Eph. 616 Col. 39) as account book calls itwith a mind and pass on of its own, that is totally and irrevocably irrelevant to divinity fudge. plain as nigh is a person, deity Himself, for no one is darling leave out graven protrude alone (Mark 1018 Luke 1819) charge so we remove to realize in the depths of our being th at evil is no less a person, deuce himself.To believe otherwise is to downplay the worldly concern, nature and insidiousness of evil. concord to divine revelation (2 Thess. 21-3), the exposure of the riddle of lawlessness (and therefrom the ultimate unveiling of the arcanum of evil) give precede the revelation of the mystery of paragon (Rev. 107). This is not to say that evil has priority over graven assure in any air, totally that evil is a shroud, a veil of darkness upon man, that is dismantle now being lifted, that man may see the full exult of immortal.In other battle crys, amidst a world that has been debase by evil, divinity fudge Himself is working through salvation history to expose, overturn, undo, nullify and assert the mystery of evil and all its oudeucerking, pursual which the mystery of divinity fudge go forth be unveiled in all its honor. thence evil should be cleard for what it is. We should not forget all the same for a dart moment that ev il is more than just an intellectual or emotional fuss. It is an anomaly of cosmic proportion amenable further to a base that comes from an all-powerful, all- solid, and all-wise beau ideal.To embark on a discussion of theodicy with keep the duty of divinity fudge and evil is to plumb the depths of mystery the mystery of god, and the mystery of evilaround dickens persons, graven image and daimon. It is no surprise then that systema skeletale opines in his tenet of theology1 that the line of evil is the most operose conundrum in all of theology. In what follows we will attempt a prolegomenon on a discussion of this very heavy question, If matinee idol is obedient why is there evil in the world from the following perspectives 1. The readying of the occupation of evil 2. The respective(a) solutions to the problem of evil as conceived by man 3. matinee idols invention unveiling His stark(a) goaltherefore evil? 4. The unveiling of the mystery of god and the mys tery of delivery boythe divine answer to evil The Formulation of the Problem of iniquity Is he voluntary to prevent evil, scarce not able? Then he is impotent. Is he able, and not willing? Then he is malevolent. Is he both able and willing? Whence then is evil? 2 Epicuruss unreciprocated question The presence of evil in the face of a legal idol has been called the problem of evil. As eloquently give tongue to by Epicurus and David Hume, it is a triad (quoted above) of propositions that refer the pitsce there is evil, there is no divinity fudge.This cookery of the classical problem of evil assumes that god and evil seatnot both co-exist. In this sagacity, and from a logical and existential perspective, deity and evil be at variance(p) and therefore reciprocally exclusive. entirely it has been pointed out by some(prenominal) philosophers, particularly Alvin Platinga3 that all that is needed to interrupt the purported logical contradiction as declargond by Epicuru s and Hume, is to posit that an omnipotent, omniscient, and omnibenevolent god may have morally sufficient conclude for allowing evil.Building on this, Groothius suggests that the classical form of the problem female genitals be reformulated as follows4 1. paragon is omnipotent and omnipresent 2. divinity is omnibenevolent 3. in that location is objective evil 4. For any evil that theology allows, idol has a morally sufficient campaign for allowing this evil, even if we do not know this morally sufficient reason is in some cases. Thus from a deductive-logical perspective, the actual existence of evil in a world relieve oneselfd by God is not in harmonious with an omnipotent, omniscient and omnibenevolent God.As Platinga drifts it, A soundly God will eliminate evil as uttermost as he give the bounce without either loo uglinessg a great good or bringing about a great evil. 5 Consequentially, there is no contradiction amid a good God and the existence of evil in the w orld. Perhaps this is the reason gear up begins his discussion on the problem of evil with the assumption that God exist,6 as opposed to the more traditional classical formulation that says Gods existence in the face of evil cannot be taken a-priori, but kind of essential go along as a proposition with truth value as yet to be demonstrated.In sn ares reformulation the product line assumes the following form 1. If God is omnipotent, he is able to prevent evil 2. If God is good, he wants to prevent evil 3. unless evil exists Conclusion either God is not omnipotent or he is not good The issue for regorge then is not Gods existence in the face of evil, but what kind of a God is He that is corroborate by delivery boyian theists, and whether such(prenominal)(prenominal) a God is incompatible with the existence of evil in the world. Coming from an evangelistic Reformed tradition, underframe emphatically affirmed the biblical testimony that God is all-powerful, all-good, and a ll-wise.The logical implication here is that any solution to the problem of evil that runs counter to these biblically attested attributes of God are inadequate to account for the problem of evil in a world growd by an all-benevolent, powerful and wise God. The various Solutions to the Problem of disgust as conceived by Man In his Doctrine of God, establish surveys triplet categories of solutions to the problem of evil as conceived by man, albeit some more biblically heavy than others.The firstborn focuses on the nature of evil, the second on the substances in which evil contributes to the overall good of the universe, and the third on Gods agency with deal evil. In this section we will present a synopsis7 of Frames limited review of these approachinges from a biblically sanctioned perspective, and draw a result as to his stand with regards the problem of evil. The nature of evil In this kinsfolk Frame presents the views of those who regard evil as john, such as in Hin duism. This marriage offer fails as a solution because of the reality of the suffering that evil afflicts.If evil is an illusion, why is suffering so real? A more widespread imagination held by messiahendom that finds adherents in Augustine, Catholics and post-Reformist scholastics, and many modern apologists and theologians is evil as lack. Evil in this view is not an illusion. Rather it is an absence seizure of good where good should be. As such it is a privation, a deprivation of good. In Gilsons version and exposition, boobce God earnd all things good, everything is good in so far as it has being. Therefore in his term evil is non-being, and God does not create nonbeing.But even if granted that evil is a lack or privation of being, Frames contention is that it would not ab cypher God of blame for evil. 8 Another objection is that countersign does not speculate whether evil is being or non being, and doing so takes the evil out of evil and reduces the righteousness-sin rel ation to metaphysics, and therefore depersonalizes and detracts from the exercising weight of sin. So, from a biblical perspective, the privation blood line similarly is inadequate as a solution to evil for it does not recognize evil for what it isan objective reality in the world.Some good things about evil as it contributes to overall good This is the line of credit that evil in the world is good when seen from a broader perspective. The goodness of God is such that He does bring about greater good from evil. watchword testifies that God does give evil to test His servant as in Job, to discipline His children (Heb. 127-11), to experience patience and perseverance in trusters (James 13-4). This so called greater good exoneration is contingent particularly upon Gods lordship attribute of control, that God is sovereign over evil, and can therefore use it for good. saviourian stand against evil is firmly root in religion in an all-benevolent God who has provided for its sel f-abnegation. In this regards, the apostle rooster, while acknowledging the corruption that is in the world by lust (2 Peter 14), reminds trusters that God has granted to them all things pertaining to look and godliness, and precious and exceedingly great promises that they should persevere with all diligence, virtue, acquaintance, self-control, endurance, godliness, brotherly revel, and love that the Nazareneians would be fruitful amidst a hostile world (vv. 3-8).In this vein, Saint capital of Minnesota in like manner writes that all things work in concert for good for those who love God and are called gibe to His purpose (Rom. 828). While cautioning readers on such items as the square-toed definition and Gods measuring rod for good, that it is for Gods greater glory the need to evaluate Gods doing over the full extent of human history and the necessity of faith given the rising orientation of this ultimate theodicy, Frame owns that the greater-good defense is basical ly sound. But interestingly, he says, seemingly by way of postscript, it leaves us with a sense of mystery.For it is touchy to imagine how Gods good purpose9 justifies the evil in the world. 10 Evil and Gods agency here(predicate) Frame goes through a whole gamut of verbs in an erudite attempt to give an hold delineation for Gods relationship to evil authors, brings about, causes, controls, creates, decrees, foreordains, incites, includes deep down His plan, arrests happen, ordains, permits, plans, predestines, predetermines, produces, stands behind, and wills. Among these Frame cautions against the use of authors, incite, stand behind, wills and create.Authors seems to suggest that God (like the author of a book) not only brings evil about but approves of it. foreign to scripture incites and stand behind can mean that God encourages people to do evil things. Wills is ambiguous, since it can mean God approves of evil, or simply that He brings it about. Frames view is that cr eates can be awkward because evil is a quality, not a thing, and God creates things, not qualities. stock-still so, it should be noted that Isaiah 456-7 says, I am the LORD, and there is no other, the iodin forming light and creatingdarkness, causing well-being and creating evil11 I am the LORD who does all these. According to Frame, all the other terms listed are less controversial. They differ only in connotation and can be appropriate descriptors at one time or another depending on context. Amidst his remarkable virtuosity on words, the crux of the matter is whether God only if permits evil, or whether He actually brings evil about in some sense. sacred scripture teaches that God controls human decisions (Gen. 455-8 Prov. 169 Acts 223-24), even when these decisions are sinful.As a testament to Gods absolute Lordship and control over the whole realm of public, rescuerian scripture attest unequivocally that God controls all events He bemuses everything happens as it does (L am. 337-38 Rom. 828 1136 Eph 111). Astonishingly as it sounds, we cannot even become believers of deliverer unless God draws us (John 644, 65 Acts 1614-15). For these biblically founded reasons, Frame affirms that God does bring about sinful decisions of human beings. Frame is a compatibilist who does not film to a libertarian view of agency.A public premise of libertarian blood line is that it is better to create surrender beings who may fail than to create beings who are robots or automata or puppets as such. Certainly there is truth in this, but contra scripture, libertarians ascribe to mans deliverwill12 an autonomy that is quite absolute but alien to biblical thinking. Libertarianism holds that nothing in an agents environment or in God Himself or even in the agents constituent compels him from doing or not doing something. In this view, granting immunity of the will and determination of the will from factors away of the will are therefore incompatible.For the libertari an or incompatibilists, the power of contrary choice is a necessary choice for moral agency. famous adherents of libertarianism include the early Augustine to C. S. Lewis, Alvin Platinga, Richard Swinburne and Norman Geisler among others. These have championed libertarian agency as the basis of defense for the problem of evil. As Geisler puts it, if it is good to be free, then evil is possible. Freedom mover the power to choose otherwise. So in this present world if one is free to do good, he is also free to do evil Any alleged. emancipation not to choose evil rather than good is not really freedom for a moral creature. 13 Frame on the other hand concludes his argument on the problem of evil by saying, the answer to the problem of evil turns entirely on Gods sovereignty. It is as far as could be imagined from a freewill defense. It brings to our attention the fact that his prerogatives are far greater than ours 14. No discredit Frames stand on the absolute sovereignty of God is a very hard teaching because at one level it makes the problem of evil more intractable.But Frame has suggested that it is also reassuring because if evil comes from some other source other than God, it would be very disturbing, as it implies evil may ultimately be beyond Gods purview and control. Such a state of affair would be undesirable indeed, if not at all unthinkable. As conclusion to Frames survey, there are a few points worth reiterating. The chief(prenominal) take home lessons from among the three categories of proposals on the problem of evil is that any biblically sanctioned solution mustiness hold in tension the following scriptural truths1. Evil is an objective, and undeniable reality in the world. It is uncomplete an illusion nor a privation of sorts. But there is a veil of inscrutability to the mystery of evil, and therefore we should not expect to all in all penetrate the enigma that is evil. We must acknowledge in all humility that we are not meant to have c omplete scaning of the problem of evil this side of infinity. 2. The existence of evil in the world is not incompatible with an all-powerful, all-good and all-wise God.On the contrary scripture attests that Gods goodness and sovereignty in His attribute of lordship and control is such that He utilizes evil for our overall good, and to His greater glory. As this is future oriented, it requires the exercise of our faith. 3. apt(p) Gods absolute sovereignty, human freedom and agency must be understood in a compatabilistic manner, that is, it is compatible with Gods agency in foreordaining all our decisions. In this regards any libertarian solution to the problem of evil that curtails, or put a limit on.Gods attribute of total lordship and control is contrary to biblical testimony. Gods creation unveiling His double-dyed(a) intention whence evil? In this section we analyze pertinent biblical evidence on the subject of evil more closely. It is worthwhile noting here that out of 1,189 chapters in the cardinal books of the Bible, only the first and last dickens ( coevals 1-2 Revelation 21-22) are without evil. That leaves 1,185 chapters in which the problem of evil is dealt with in the light of Gods consummate(a) plan for His creation.On the one hand we should recognize evil for what it is. But we should also be on the alert not to overplay that card. For it is well to remind ourselves that evil like all things else, is under Gods complete control. In the huge canvas of biblical narratives, and in light of Gods goodness, science and sovereignty, evil is just the negative solid ground against which God unveils two glorious mysteries the mystery of God (Col. 22), and the mystery of Christ (Eph. 34 Col. 43) for the fulfilment of His divine economy in creation. Gods creation unveiling His ageless intention.Evil needs to be seen in relation to Gods eternal intention for man before the fall. If we would understand Gods intention, we have to generate careful att ention to the first two chapters of Genesis before evil and sin entered the world of man. In these two chapters, God created the heavens and the earth in good order (Gen. 110, 12, 18, 21, 25, 31), and pull the man whom He created in His image and similitude with His place to rule over all created things (Genesis 126-28). Man is in the image of God in order to bear witness God, and he has received Gods authority to represent God.In order to have the full image of God to stub out God, and realize the full authority of God to represent Him, man must have Gods life in him15. Therefore, in the first two chapters of Genesis, there is not only image and authority (Genesis 1), but also life, sensory faculty by the channelize of life (Genesis 28-9). Although man, created in the image of God and committed with Gods authority in Genesis 1 is very good, he is not yet perfect with respect Gods archetype intention for him. Frame is right in distinguishing between that which is merely good in Genesis 131 and that which is perfect16.In Genesis 1, although man was created good, he has the voltage to sin. It seems that for Frame, to be perfect, man must also possess the God-like quality of not being able to sin. So later on Genesis 1, we have Genesis 2, where man was placed in Eden with the tree of life and the tree of knowledge of good and evil (also in the midst of the garden). Gods intention was that man should take in the tree of life, representing God as life, and reject the tree of knowledge of good and evil, that the created man may be perfect harmonize to Gods original design.It is by eating (partaking and receiving into him) the fruits of the tree of life, that he may have Gods eternal life (cf John 551 and Gen. 322. Also see explanatory note 15 on page 14) and hence the ability to be conformed to this life in all its inseparable goodness, including the ability to not sin. In other words, man was created as a finicky vessel (Rom. 920-21) with Gods image and likeness, but if he moolah in Genesis 1, that is all he hasthe outward form of Gods image and likeness. As such, he will not be perfect, because though good, he has the likely to sin.This is like a glove which was created in the image of a hand. The glove is good because it has the charter outward image of the hand, but this is not perfect because the five fingers of the glove is just an image. They are not able to procedure perfectly the way a hand can. According to its original design, the glove can only fulfill its full potential and be perfect if it receives the hand into it as content. Likewise in mans original created state, the image and likeness that he possessed is good but not perfect. To be perfect according to Gods eternal intention, man must have Gods life in him.Whence evil? Unfortunately, before God could come into man as life17 and carry out His purposes, the embodiment of demonthe subtle serpent, caused man to fall (Genesis 31-7). Due to the fall, the race of exaltation failed God. Romans 6 tells of the tragic consequences of the take in of sin and evil upon the worlds story when rapture disobeyed Gods manipulate to not eat of the tree of knowledge of good and evil. Paul says that through one mans disobedience, evil entered the worlds stage, and through sin, wipeout passed to all man because all have sinned (512).Furthermore, the apostle adds that through the disobedience of one man the many were constituted18 sinners (v. 19). Even more than just an act of wrong doing, sin in Pauline understanding is an inward constitution, the nature19 of sin within man (720b, 23). Through his fall transport received an fraction that was not created by God. This was the satanic nature of sin. Thus evil entered the world as sin, which became the constituting essence and main element of travel man. It is this constituting essence and element that constituted all men sinners. So we are sinners not primarily because we sin rather, we sin because we are sinners.Whether a man does good or evil, in Adam he has been constituted a sinner. This is referable primarily to an inward element in fallen man, which is prior to his outward action of wrongdoing. This constituting element is the element of sin, and through sin expiry passed to all men because all have sinned. Hebrews 214 exposes the chew out as the one who wields the power of conclusion. oddment is like a tool in the hand of the evil one. It is the power of imbecility that is now operating in fallen man. Through the power of death, the devil renders universe incapable of obedience to God.For in every sinner, death lords it over him (Rom. 69b), reigns in his mortal body (v. 12), and makes him a hard worker to sin (v. 16). And so the devil, sin and death can be likened to an evil trine that is now operating as a mystery in fallen manthe mystery of lawlessness (2 Thess. 27a). issue of this come all the moral, natural, and physical manifestations of evil in the world. This then is the subtlety of the entrance of evil as sin and death into the world created by God in good order.The unveiling of the mystery story of God, and the Mystery of Christthe divine answer to evil Our thinking concerning the problem of evil tends to be man centered, probably because of the existential reality of suffering that evil brings. From such a standpoint, it is psychologically difficult to appreciate what greater good can issue from the afflictions caused by the existence of evil in the world20. The apostle Paul however councils that human sufferings are but momentary lightness of affliction (when seen in the light of Gods eternal intention for man), for suffering works out for us an eternal weight of glory far beyond all proportion (2 Cor.417).But these things are God-centered, things of faith which eyes have not seen, ears have not heard, and have not come up in mans hearts, things that God has prepared for those who love him (1 Cor. 29). There is a glorious and greater mystery than evil that God desires to reveal and work out through the substance that searches all things, even the depths of God (v. 10). To indicate that Gods eternal intention is higher(prenominal) than that which man could conceive, the New Testament uses the word mystery to qualify it.Mystery occurs 27 times in the New Testament21, of which 24 are positive and 3 negative. The three negative cases refer firstly to the mystery of lawlessness (2 Thess. 27), and lastly, the mystery of Babylon the neat (Rev 175, 7). As we have seen, the mystery of lawlessness is the mystery of evil, the mystery of Satans operation. This will consummate in the mystery of Babylon the Great as the decisiveness of Satans work in the world. But over and against the mystery of Satans operation, there are 24 positive references to the mystery of Gods operation in the New Testament.The first group concerns the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, and the kingdom of God in the Synoptic Gospels (Matt . 1311 Mk. 411 Luke 810). This is followed by 23 usages of the word mystery (20 of which are Pauline) to describe Gods eternal purpose, Gods will, Christ, the gospel, the believers salvation, the believers stewardship, the believers hope, the transfiguration of the body, faith, the church and the consistency of Christ. The last reference is Revelation 1017, in which the apostle John proclaims that the mystery of God is finished.Clearly God Himself is working out a mystery through the ages to effect the recovery of a fallen world back to His eternal intention, which according to Saint Pauls writings can be summed up as two great mysteries the mystery of God, who is Christ Himself (Col 22), and the mystery of Christ, which is the church as the trunk of Christ (Eph. 3-4, 9 532). The Mystery of GodChrist. God is a mystery, and Christ as the embodiment of God to express Him, to make Him known, is the mystery of God (Col. 22-3, 9).With the entrance of sin and death into the world, the m an created by God was spoiled by His adversary. But the unchanging and everlasting God would never change by annulling His eternal purpose which He made in eternity olden for eternity future (Eph. 39-11). Thus He had to saving the man whom He had created for His unchanging purpose, even at the cost of His only engender Son (John. 316). Gods solution to the evil, sin and death that has come into the world is Christ Himself as the mystery of Godin whom are all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge (Col22-3).It is for this reason that even in eternity past Christ as the second of the divine Trinity was preparing to come into time (Micah 52) to die for fallen man according to the divine determination made in the council of the divine Trinity in eternity past (Acts 223 1 Pet. 118-20). Gods shape in Christ, His death and resurrection, is negatively to solve the problem of sin and death, and positively to re-open the way back to the tree of life that man lost in Genesis 3, that man may receive God as life.In fact, the whole process of Christs incarnation, human living, death, resurrection and rise is a mystery, the great mystery of godliness (1 timothy 316) by which God resolves the problem of evil, sin and death. The problem of sin is single-minded through Jesuss death on the cross. Through the cross He accomplished what may be termed judicial salvation22 (Romans 510a), in which is forgiveness of the believers sins (47), exculpation of the believers (324), and reconciliation of the believers to God (511).Without the accomplishment of redemption with forgiveness, justification and reconciliation, there would be no basis for a righteous God to forgive a sinful people, and no way for sinful man to approach Him. The problem of death is resolved through Gods organic23 salvation in life (Rom. 510b), an aspect much neglected, if not in doctrine at least in emphasis. This aspect of Gods salvation is carried out by Christs life in the Spirit. In order to accomplish t his, in resurrection He became a life-giving Spirit (1 Corinthians 1545b).We receive this Spirit through regeneration (John 36). Whereas before we were dead in our trespasses, transgression and sin, now we are made vital in Christ (Eph. 21, 5). Today, Christ indwells believers through the Spirit. This is Christ in us, our hope of glory (Col. 127). Christ is our life waiting to be manifested (Colossians 34). He is our life Scripture attests that the Spirit of God, the Spirit of Christ, even Christ Himself, is in us today (89-11)24.This heavenly ministry of Jesuspost resurrection and in ascensionis within the believers as the Spirit, and it spans the whole spectrum of Gods organic salvation in life from regeneration (Titus 35), through sanctification (619, 22 1516), renewing and variation (122b) to conformation (829) and glorification (830). It is indeed a salvation so great (Heb. 23a), for its eschatological goal is for Christ to make His home in our hearts through faith and that we may be fill unto all the fullness of God (Ephesians 316-19).And so, through the process of Gods salvation in life our spirit is enlivened (Rom. 810), our mind becomes life (Rom. 86b), and even our mortal bodies also will receive life through the Spirit who indwells us (Rom. 811b). everyplace against the reigning of sin in death in fallen man, much more we who receive the abundance of grace and of the invest of righteousness will reign in life through the One, Jesus Christ (517b). Thus in Gods salvation our whole being comes alive in order that just as sin reigned in death, so also grace index reign through righteousness unto eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord (521).In this way Christ destroys the hold of him who has the might of death, that is, the devil (Heb. 214) The Mystery of Christ. Christ is also a mystery, and the church as the Body of Christ to express Him, to make Him known, is the mystery of Christ (Eph. 34, 9 532). This mystery is Gods economy, or Gods gove rning to head up all things in Christ. The Bible affirms that God created the heavens and the earth for a purpose. Ephesians 19 reveals to us that God has a good pleasure.